阅读理解。

     Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in

the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability

to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when

most of his competitors were reducing their investments.

   Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the

wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to

provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies

disgraced", he often said.

   Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the

Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national

history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other

philanthropic(慈善的) gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote

understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and

Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

   Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more

than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and

formed the nucleus(核心) of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

1. The author quoted "He who dies rich, dies disgraced" in the passage to show ____.

A.He felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of  society

B. He opposed charity

C. The wealthy die from their fortunes

D. The wealthy die from not contributing to society

2. Carnegie succeeded in becoming one of the wealthiest men in America by____.

A. his policy of expanding                  

B. his hard work

C. his ability to sell the product              

D. Both A and B

3. Which of the following may NOT be philanthropic gifts to society according to the passage?  

A. the Carnegie Institute of Washington.   

B. the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh.

C. the steel industry.

D. the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace