问题 阅读理解

Think of some of your favorite singers. When you listen, they can make you happy or sad, peaceful or angry. They can make you relax or want to get up and dance. Gifted singers have the power to affect us in many ways — emotionally, physically and mentally.

But becoming a great singer isn’t as easy as listening to one. It takes practice, devotion and strong lungs! Just ask the well-known American opera(歌剧)star Carol Vaness.

At the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where she often sings, Carol’s voice must be loud enough to be heard by four thousand people. It must reach every person in the theater, without a microphone, even when she’s singing softly. The reason Carol can project her voice that far is the way she breathes.

“When you breathe, it’s like a swimmer taking a deep breath before going underwater, ” Carol explains. “You have to take a lot of air into your lungs.”

According to Carol, the main difference between pop singing and opera is “how you breathe, how much air you take in, and how you control it coming out. Regular singing is more like speaking, and it’s a lot softer. When I sing for children, they’re often surprised by how the vibrations strike their ears — like waves on a beach, ” Carol says. “In opera, the air doesn’t just go out of your mouth — it vibrates in your chest, the way a guitar vibrates when it’s played.”

Ever since she started piano lessons at the age of ten, Carol has loved music. As she got older, she decided to become a music teacher. When she went to college, she took singing lessons as part of her studies. Her voice teacher discovered that nineteen-year-old Carol had an exceptionally beautiful soprano voice – the highest singing voice for women.  

Carol decided to make opera her goal, not only because she loved to sing but also because she loved the drama. Opera is a play in which the characters sing the words instead of speaking them. The stories of opera can be tragic or comical. They can be personal stories about two people falling in love or grand stories about kings and queens who lived long ago. As the characters in an opera sing, the emotions(情感) expressed by words and music come to life.

Today, Carol performs throughout the United States and Europe and she has song for almost twenty years. But she has never forgotten where she started singing in the first palace.

“Put your heart into your singing and enjoy it,” says Carol, “because singing is a great joy. That’s why I sing. In fact, that’s why everybody sings.”

小题1:According to the passage, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City _____.

A.is a five-story building

B.can seat 4,000 people

C.has no microphone in it

D.can project the singer’s voice小题2:What is the best title for this passage?

A.Opera Singing and Pop Singing

B.The Way an Opera Star Sings

C.An Opera Star

D.Singing without a Microphone小题3:Which statement is true?

A.A pop singer breathes more deeply than an opera singer when he or she sings.

B.Opera singing is more like speaking.

C.A pop singer takes in much more air than an opera singer when singing.

D.An opera singer breathes differently from a pop singer when singing.小题4:From the passage you can conclude all the following EXCEPT that _____.

A.Carol once learned to play the piano

B.Carol worked as a music teacher

C.Carol has been singing opera for 20 years or so

D.Carol is popular with Americans and Europeans小题5:The sentence “Put your heart into your singing” in the last paragraph means  “_____”.

A.devoting yourself to singing

B.taking trouble to sing

C.singing happily

D.trying your best to sing

答案

小题1:B

小题2:C

小题3:D

小题4:B

小题5:A

小题1:从第三段前两句可知。

小题2:全文主要是介绍Carol Vaness 这位American opera star.

小题3:前三项正好说反了。第五段说明D正确。

小题4:第六段谈到“she decided to become a music teacher…she took singing lessons as part of her studies.” 并不意味着“她当上了音乐老师”。

小题5:此句话与第二段 “But becoming a great singer isn’t as easy as listening to one. It takes practice, devotion and strong lungs!”相呼应。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(25分)

卖笑的人   

[德]海因里希·伯尔/草芳译

每当人们问起我的职业,我总感到尴尬:我这个平素以自信著称的人会变得脸红,言语支吾。我羡慕那些能直截了当地说“我是泥瓦匠”的人们,我也羡慕理发师、会计和作家,因为他们可以简单明了地说出自己职业的名称而无需冗长的解释。我,是一个卖笑的人。这一介绍必须附有说明,因为接踵而来的问题就是“您以此为生吗?”对这一问题我也必须按照实际情况给予肯定的回答。

我确实是以我的笑来谋生的。我生活得并不坏,用商业用语说,因为我的笑销路很好。我是一个经过训练的很不错的卖笑者。我笑起来和谁都不一样,谁也不具备我这样的艺术色彩。为了避开令人烦恼的解释,长期以来我一直自称为演员。然而怎奈我的表演和语言天才欠缺,使我感到这样称呼自己不符合真实情况。我主张实事求是,而事实却是,我是一个卖笑的人。我既不是小丑,又不是滑稽演员,我并不使人们活跃,而是通过我的笑声使场面活跃:我像一位古罗马的 * * 一样地笑着,或者,像一位多愁善感的高中毕业生一样地笑着。无论是十七世纪的笑还是十九世纪的笑,我都熟练自如。如果需要,我能把各个世纪的笑,一切社会阶层的笑,各种不同年龄的笑统统表演出来。要问我怎么学的笑,其实这十分简单,就像学习修鞋一样的简单。美洲人的笑蕴藏在我胸中,还有非洲人的笑,白种人的笑,红种人的笑,黄种人的笑我都会。我按照导演的规定,发出报酬各不相同的笑声。

我成为一个不可缺少的人物,我的笑灌入了唱片,录了音,而且广播剧的导演们对我百般照顾。我心情沉重地、适度地,歇斯底里地笑着——我像一名电车售票员或者一位食品部的学徒工一样地笑着,我表演早晨的笑、晚间的笑、夜里的笑以及黄昏时分的笑,一句话,不管什么地方,以什么方式,只要该笑了,我都能笑。

从事这样一种职业是相当吃力的,特别是因为我精通这种感染力强的笑的艺术——这是我的特长,但愿人们会相信我的话。就这样,对于三等、四等的滑稽演员来说,我也成为不可缺少的人物,这也是理所当然的,因为他们担心自己演出的滑稽效果。我几乎每天晚上以一个敏感的喝彩者的身份坐在剧场,以便在节目效果差的时刻发出笑声去感染观众。这种笑要有分寸:我所发出的由衷的狂笑既不可太早,又不可太晚,必须恰到火候——到时候我按节目的要求爆发出笑声,全体观众就跟我一起狂叫,就这样,挽救了节目的滑稽效果。

而我呢?演出结束之后拖着疲惫不堪的步子回到衣帽问,披上大衣,庆幸我终于下了班。而在家里,经常放着拍给我的电报,诸如“急需您的笑,星期二录音”。于是,在几小时之后,我乘上一辆供暖过分的直达快车,坐在车上抱怨着我的命运。

人人都会理解,为什么我在下班之后或休假期间很少有兴趣一笑:挤奶工人,当他可以忘记奶牛时,泥瓦匠,当他可以忘记泥浆时,该是何等轻松呀。木匠家里的门常常开关不灵,或者抽屉得费牛劲才打得开。烤甜点心的工人爱吃酸黄瓜,卖肉的人喜欢吃杏仁糖,面包师不爱吃面包而爱吃香肠,斗牛者喜爱拨弄葡萄,拳击家看见自己的孩子流鼻血就会吓得脸色苍白:这一切的一切我完全理解,因为我下班以后从来不笑。我严肃得要命,有人说我是个悲观主义者,这也许是有道理的。

我们结婚以后的头几年,我的妻子常常对我说:“你倒是笑一笑呀!”但是后来她清楚了,我不可能满足她的愿望。每当我有机会松弛一下我那紧张的面部肌肉时,每当我可以用十分严肃的表情休息一下我那过度劳累的心绪时,我总感到幸福。是的,在这时,连他人的笑都会使我变得神经质,因为只要是笑声就太容易引起我想到自己的职业。就这样,我们过着安静而和平的夫妻生活,因为连我的妻子也忘记怎么笑了。间或,我捉住她脸上的一丝微笑,这时我也报以微笑。我们说话的声音很轻,因为我痛恨滑稽剧场的嘈杂,也痛恨录音室里可能发出的噪音。不了解我的人还以为我性格孤僻,也许我是性格孤僻,因为我只为卖笑而开口的次数实在太多了。  

我以麻木不仁的表情度过着我自己的一生。我只允许自己偶尔轻轻地微笑一下,而且,我常常在思索着一个问题:我究竟是否真的笑过。我认为我从来没有真的笑过。我的兄弟姐妹们说得好:我向来是一个严肃的小伙子。

就这样,我以多种不同的方式笑着,却不了解我自己的笑。

小题1:下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(5分)

A.在作为捧场者经过恰如其分的“笑”的工作后,“我”高兴地下班回家,表明对自已的工作有着成就感。

B.“我”的笑是“热门货”,所以“我”也成了缺少不了的人,广播剧的导演、三四流的滑稽演员都会需要“我”。

C.小说中“我”介绍自己的职业时,用了“尴尬”“变得脸红”“言语支吾”等语句,表明他对自己从事职业的能力没有信心。

D.这篇小说生动细致地刻画了一位以“卖笑”为生的人,通过他的动作、语言、神态的描写,写出了他内心的真切感受。E. “我”回家后反而从来不笑,对笑有着厌烦感,说明工作状态下的笑是职业性的笑并不是基于内心真正的高兴而笑。

小题2:小说开头写“我”的心理状态,这样写的意图是什么?请结合情节简要分析((6分)

小题3:小说中的“我”这一形象有哪些特点?请简要分析。(6分)

小题4:有人认为,小说以“我以多种不同的方式笑,却不了解我自己的笑”,结尾这样的安排有点画蛇添足,对此你有什么看法?(8分)

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