Francis Bacon, one of the most important philosophers(哲人) of England, was born in London and educated at Cambridge University. When he was only 15, he went to France to work for the English ambassador (大使) . Two years later he went back to England to study law. At the age of twenty-three he was chosen to parliament (议会). His ideas about how scientists should study things in nature help to bring the modern way of thinking, called the scientific method.
One of the Bacon’s best-known books was his Essays. Each essay was a short piece of writing in which he tried to give a lesson by discussing sides of a subject such as studying, conversation, friends and healthy living. In many of his books, Bacon explained how scientists should study things as they really existed in nature and then tried to figure out what caused a particular thing to be as it was. Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result. This method, which is called inductive reasoning, is used by all the scientists today, but it was new in Bacon’s time.
5. 小题1:According to the passage we know that ____.
A．Francis Bacon was the most important philosopher of England
B．Francis Bacon had good education
C．Francis Bacon worked for a French ambassador at the age of 15
D．Francis Bacon stayed in France until he was 236. 小题2:The underlined phrase “inductive reasoning” in the last paragraph means____.
A．to discover general laws from particular facts or examples
B．to reach a conclusion by reasoning from general laws to a particular case
C．to study things as they used to be
D．to study things in a particular way7. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Bacon was a learned man.
B．Bacon did a lot of philosophy.
C．The inductive reasoning was widely used both today and in Bacon’s time.
D．Bacon gave scientists much useful advice.
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
5. 小题1:本题为推断题。根据第一段第一句可知，培根是在剑桥大学接受的教育，可知他受过良好的教育。本题也可用排除法选出正确答案，由短文的“one of the most important philosophers”可把A排除；由“he went to France to work for the English ambassador”可把C排除；由“Two years later, he went back to England to study law”可知，培根17岁就回到了英国学习法律，因此D是错误的。正确答案为B。
6. 小题2:本题为词义猜测题。词义猜测题应根据其上下文的意思来猜测生词或词组的意思。本题可由该词组所在句的上句“Later, by doing experiments, the scientist could see that any one cause would always have the same result.”得出答案。
7. 小题3:本题为判断题。本文最后一句告诉我们归纳推理(inductive reasoning)的方法在培根时代并没有广泛运用，由此判断出C项是错误的