问题 判断题

从局部与整体的角度看,模式孕育着范式,具有局部性的意义。

答案

参考答案:对

解析:

关于模式与范式的关系解读

从局部与整体的角度理解,模式孕育着范式,具有局部性的意义;范式涵盖了模式,具有整体性的意义;

从形式与实质的角度观察,模式不与个体直接相关,是形式上的存在物;范式却总与个体直接相关,是实质上的存在物;

从方法与思维的角度诠释,模式仅指处置事件的方法,显现个体的行为特征;范式既包括处置事件的方法,又涵盖认识事件的思想,彰显群体的行动特征;

从组分与系统的角度分析,模式往往非自成系统,同一模式可适用于不同的范式的科学共同体,而范式则常常自成系统,同一范式仅适用于同一科学共同体(曾祥华)。

单项选择题 B型题
完形填空
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分.满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Laughter and tears are part of living.But do you find enough time for laughter? I am not
asking if you  __21__ lots of good times.__22__  we should laugh during the happy times.But do you also laugh during the__23__times?
Erma Bombeek is known for her humorous books, but she wrote one that __24__  a more serious topic:__25__ in children.Erma talks with many children with cancer and learns __26__
life lessons from them.She learns, for instance, that cancer survivors know how to__27__.
She __28__ the experience of 15-year-old Jessica from Burlinton.Jessica’s leg was cut
off at the knee because of cancer.She was learning to __29__  a prosthesis(假肢).Jessica tells
about playing __30__.She kicked the ball __31__ and it flew off in one __32__  while her artificial leg flew into another.She fell on the __33__ and laughed.
Jessica may not have laughed about her cancer,but she laughed about handling the__34__
of it.And her laughter helped her a deal.
There is the story of 17-year-old Betsy.She __35__her way to the radiation room for her regular radiation therapy(化疗).As __36__,she dropped her hospital gown and,wearing only her birthday suit,__37__ onto the table and waited.The extra people in the room were not the medical students she had thought,but__38__painters giving an estimate on painting! Betsy laughed heartily about the incident.And like Jessica, her __39__ to laugh helped her to deal with one of the most difficult things a young person can endure — cancer.
Do you find plenty of__40__ for laughter? You can…if you also find reasons to laugh during the especially difficult times.
Survivors know how to laugh.If you can laugh even when the going is rough,you’ll make
it.And you’ll smile at the end.
小题1:
A.loseB.missC.experienceD.laugh
小题2:
A.Of courseB.In additionC.At firstD.First of all
小题3:
A.ordinaryB.difficultC.pleasantD.usual
小题4:
A.connectedB.reportedC.referredD.covered
小题5:
A.cancerB.disabilityC.illnessD.laughter
小题6:
A.seriousB.importantC.carefulD.thoughtful
小题7:
A.cryB.shoutC.laughD.face
小题8:
A.describesB.learnsC.keepsD.imagines
小题9:
A.putB.haveC.wearD.make
小题10:
A.basketballB.badmintonC.volleyballD.soccer
小题11:
A.gentlyB.hardC.slightlyD.straightly
小题12:
A.wayB.methodC.directionD.point[
小题13:
A.floorB.tableC.chairD.bed
小题14:
A.causesB.resultsC.processD.ends
小题15:
A.foughtB.tookC.madeD.pushed
小题16:
A.commonB.oftenC.beforeD.usual
小题17:
A.climbedB.layC.jumpedD.sat
小题18:
A.alsoB.ratherC.alreadyD.almost
小题19:
A.strengthB.willingnessC.abilityD.confidence
小题20:
A.timesB.placesC.daysD.moments