问题 材料题

阅读材料回答问题

现代化的世界进程是人类文明形态的重大飞跃,也是人类社会从分散的地域性历史向整体的世界历史发展的转折。现代化的进程是工业文明向全球扩展的过程。——高中历史高中三年级(实验本)

请回答:

(1)现代化的进程发端于哪个地区?又是如何扩展的?

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(2)现代化的起点发生在哪个国家的什么事件?

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(3)结合材料和所学知识谈谈你对现代化的世界进程的看法。

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答案

(1)西欧,西欧到北美再到世界其他地区。

(2)英国的工业革命。

(3) 1、原因:生产力的提高——资本主义经济的发展和扩展。  

      2、进程:(1)16世纪后,西欧地区的历史运动(文艺复兴、新航路的开辟、宗教改革)为资本主义的兴起和工业文明的诞生准备了条件。(2)17——18世纪早期资产阶级革命(英法美)推翻了束缚资本主义的旧的生产关系,确立了资产阶级民主制度,走上了政治民主化的道路。为工业文明的诞生提供了前提。(3)18——19世纪英国率先完成工业革命,成为第一个现代化的国家。工业革命推动的现代化进程在欧洲、北美和东亚逐次扩展。(4)19末——20世纪初,欧洲主要国家如法国、德国、俄国等,北美、东亚的美国和日本先后实现了工业化。这些国家的现代化道路各具特色,并通过殖民主义方式形成了资本主义的现代世界体系。(5)20世纪中后期获得民族独立的发展中国家形成了具有民族特色的多样的现代化模式。目前人类的现代化运动仍在深入发展。经济全球化将把世界的现代化推向新的发展高度。 

      3、影响:(1)积极:现代化的世界进程是人类文明形态的重大飞跃,也是人类社会从分散的地域性历史向整体的世界历史发展的转折。现代化的进程是工业文明向全球扩展的过程。引起社会的产业结构、阶级结构、上层建筑、生活方式和社会风貌的深刻变化,促进了资本主义世界市场和资本主义体系的形成,世界成为一个不可分割的整体。(2)消极:衍生了一系列的社会问题,社会的贫困、环境污染、社会犯罪等问题。伴随资本主义的扩张,东方从属西方,造成了亚非拉的更加贫困。 

      4、认识:现代化是农业社会向工业社会的转变,包括就经济的工业化、政治的民主化、文化的科学化,生活的城市化等方面,是人类社会进步发展的方向。是生产力进步的必然结果,但是现代化的实现不能以环境的破坏为代价,必须做好生态环境的保护,更好造福子孙后代,同时要避免贫富分化和社会犯罪问题,使人们的生活走向共同富裕。

     

阅读理解

阅读理解

     I'm often told how I have a dream job, that I work for a great company, getting to deal with the

leaders in social media every day, and especially that I get to work from my home.

     Usually the people who tell me that working from home is wonderful have never worked from

home.  They spend most of their career working from an office and hate it.

     In fact, I love being able to work from home and make my own hours. I truly appreciate being

able to drop what I'm doing to attend kids or go shopping, but there's a side to it we don't often talk

about, the hard side. No one wants to believe people like me, working from home, have anything to

complain about. Really, I'm not going to complain, but I do want to share a few things about

telecommuting(远程办公)that few home -based people want to tell you, because working from home

doesn't look so wonderful.

     One of the reasons I love my job is the flexibility. I know that I can volunteer for school projects,

meet friends for lunch and work out for an hour as long as I get my work done. But did you know

telecommuters have to make up the time if they wish to pepper their days with fun distractions?So

while my husband and kids are watching a movie, I'm working until midnight. Besides, when you

work from home, you're held to your phone and Skype(网络电话)in case someone wants to talk to

you during business hours. So it's not so easy to be flexible!

1. We learn from the passage that the writer_____________.

A. is quite satisfied with her present work

B. can balance her work and family life well

C. complains about the disadvantages of working from office

D.   presents some unknown facts of working from home

2. The last paragraph mainly tells us that__________.

A. you're not as flexible as you think you are

B. you're usually a slave to yourself

C. the writer can always make full use of the freedom

D. the writer is always busy with her work

3. The writer probably agrees that__________.

A. east or west, home working is the best  

B. freedom should always come before work

C. get work done, or you'll have no freedom  

D. all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

4. Who is the passage mainly intended for?

A. Telecommuters.  

B. Office workers.            

C. Job hunters.  

D. Researchers.

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