问题 问答题

某化学课堂上同学们正在进行酸、碱、盐知识的探究,以下是教学片断,请你参与其中并认真填写空格.

【学生实验】将二氧化碳分别通入澄清石灰水和氢氧化钠溶液中,观察到前者变浑浊,后者无明显现象.

【学生板演】澄清石灰水变浑浊的原理______(用化学方程式表示)

【提出问题】二氧化碳通入氢氧化钠溶液中无明显现象,两者是否发生了化学反应?

【猜想假设】猜想①:两者发生了化学反应;猜想②:两者没有发生化学反应

【实验探究】

(1)小华设计了如图所示的A、B两个实验.

实验现象:A中软塑料瓶変瘪,B中______

(2)小红认为小华的实验是可行的,其共同原理是二氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液反应,使容器内压强降低.小明同学却对此提出质疑,他认为小华的实验不严谨,其理由是______,要得到科学严谨的结论,仍利用该装置,补做的对比实验是______.

(3)小宁设计的是通过检验生成物来验证猜想,请帮她填写实验报告.

实验步骤实验现象实验结论
向B实验后的溶液中加入

______

______

验证了二氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液反应
【实验结论】二氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液发生了反应.

【反思拓展】通过此探究实验,我们发现,对于没有明显现象的化学反应,可以从两个不同的角度证明反应的发生,这两个角度是______;______.

答案

【学生板演】二氧化碳与澄清石灰水的主要成分氢氧化钙反应生成碳酸钙沉淀和水,方程式是:CO2+Ca(OH)2═CaCO3↓+H2O;

【实验探究】(1)二氧化碳与氢氧化钠溶液反应生成碳酸钠和水,瓶内气体减少,气压减小,大气压将空气压入气球,所以气球变大;

(2)二氧化碳能与水反应或溶于水,也能使容器内气体减少,压强减小,所以小华的设计不严密;要验证二氧化碳与氢氧化钠溶液确实发生了反应,还需设计对比实验,将氢氧化钠溶液换成等体积的水,再重复实验与放入氢氧化钠溶液的现象(软塑料瓶变瘪的程度是否相同、气球膨胀的大小是否相同)通过对比推导出正确的结论;

(3)证明二氧化碳与氢氧化钠溶液发生反应,还可以检验其反应生成物来验证,可向实验后的溶液中滴加稀盐酸或氯化钙溶液,若观察到有气泡生成或白色沉淀生成,说明二者发生了反应,因为氢氧化钠与盐酸反应生成水,无气体生成,氢氧化钠与氯化钙溶液不反应;

【反思拓展】通过以上实验可以看出,对于没有明显现象的化学反应,我们可以通过间接检验反应物是否减少或检验生成物的方法验证反应是否发生;

故答案为:【学生板演】CO2+Ca(OH)2═CaCO3↓+H2O;

【实验探究】(1)气球膨胀变大(合理说法均可);

(2)二氧化碳能与水反应或溶于水,也能使容器内压强降低;将氢氧化钠溶液换成等体积的水,与加入氢氧化钠溶液的实验现象进行对比;

(3)

实验步骤实验现象实验结论
向B实验后的溶液中加入

稀盐酸(或氯化钙溶液等)

有气泡产生(或有白色沉淀生成等)

验证了二氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液反应
【反思拓展】可以通过检验反应物减少证明反应发生;可以通过检验生成物证明反应发生.

单项选择题


Passage One

Who to believe Nokia or Ericsson IBM or Sun Microsystems Microsoft or Siebel Rarely have the fortunes of technology companies appeared to differ so widely. Nokia, the world’s largest maker of mobile phones, this week reported better-than-expected sales for the latest quarter, holding out the prospect that its market share would soon reach new highs. By contrast, Ericsson, a rival, was full of gloom.’ Reporting bigger losses than expected, the company said that sales of its mobile phones were likely to tumble by 20%this year.
Motorola, another maker of mobile phones, is in a similar boat. On October 15th, the company reported a return to profit in its most recent period after a run of losses, but lowered its forecasts for the rest of the year and for 2003.Demand in wireless, broadband and semiconductors continued to slow, said the company. Unimpressed, investors marked down Motorola’s shares to a ten-year low.
The pattern of haves and have-nots is repeated in software too. While Microsoft was in chipper mood this week—revelling in a 26%crease in sales and a doubling of its profits after tax for the quarter to the end of September—Siebel Systems and PeopleSoft, two of America’s leading suppliers of business software, were down in the dumps. While PeopleSoft managed a modest profit, Siebel reported a loss for the last quarter and said it expected the present quarter to be equally tough. Despite (or because of) their contrasting fortunes, Microsoft and Siebel announced a joint marketing deal on October 21st: Microsoft is to sell Siebel’s customer management software through. NET, its web-services product.
Why are some companies doing better than others One reason is that, now more than ever, those that are competitive seem to be punishing those that are not. Nokia has stretched its lead over Ericsson which, in addition to lower sales of mobile phones, has suffered from the severe fall in demand for telecoms infrastructure, its biggest business. There was, however, some good news for Ericsson’s shares on October 18th , when the company said that the infrastructure unit came close to breaking even in the most recent quarter.
Cost-cutting has also helped SAP, Europe’s largest developer of business software, has reduced its expenses by 8%. As a result, its margins have improved a lot compared with those of its competitors. Microsoft has employed different tactics. It has capitalized on customers’ fears that the cost of upgrading their software, such as the company’s Windows XP operating system, could climb.Many have rushed to buy now in case prices rise. In tune with the times, Microsoft is also keen to demonstrate how its products can save its customers money. Understandably, this is winning its sales.

The pattern of haves and have-nots in software industry refers to the fact that

A.Microsoft is prospering while Siebel and Peoplesoft are still losing ground

B.Microsoft dominates the market while Siebel and Peoplesoft are cast out of the market

C.Microsoft has software for various purposes while Siebel and Peoplesoft have only business software

D.Microsoft strikes a marketing deal with Siebel and refused to cooperate with Peoplesoft

单项选择题