问题 材料题

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 1493年5月,为解决对外探险中国家之间的争执,教皇亚历山大六世规定,以佛得角群岛之西约500公里的大西洋上划界(史称“教皇子午线”),线东新“发现”的土地属于一国,线西的归另一国。1494年,两国又签订了托得西拉斯条约,将这条线向西移动了约1300公里。——摘编自吴于廑、齐世荣《世界史》

(1)结合所学知识,指出材料中所涉及的两个国家及各自的扩张方向,并概述两国扩张对世界产生的直接影响。

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答案

(1)葡萄牙向“教皇子午线”以东;西班牙向“教皇子午线”以西。在地理上将世界连成一片,促使世界由分散向整体发展。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Will Chips One Day Be Planted In Our Bodies For Identification?

     A US doctor has planted under his skin a computer chip (芯片)that can send personal information to

 a scanner (扫描仪). It's a technology that may someday be widely used as a way to identify (识别)

 people. The chip gives off information which will be scanned by a hand-held reader.

     The chip is similar to that planted in more than 1 million dogs, cats and other pets in recent years to

  track (跟踪) and identify them.

     The doctor decided to test the chip himself after the World Trade Center disaster (灾难). The dead

 could have been identified if their names and other important information had been chipped.

     Officials of the company said they hope to sell the chips to patients with man-made arms or legs or

  other body parts. The idea is that the chip will provide immediate and correct medical information when it

  is needed.

     The information can contain (包括) name, telephone number and other information. Or it can send out 

 a message that, when connected to a computer, can call up records. The scanner can read it through

  clothes from over a meter away. The new product also could be used to control prisoners. Workplaces

  of great importance may want to use the chips for employees, too. Some parents may consider planting

 chips in young children or elderly relatives who may be unable to say their names, addresses or telephone

  numbers.

     Some medical and technology specialists (专家) said the product raises new questions about the

 relationship between humans and computer technology and could cause problems if it is used against some

 one's wishes, or if your personal information is read by those who should not see it.

1. According to the passage, computer chips have already been used to _____.

    A. catch escaped prisoners

    B. find missing children

    C. follow lost animals  

    D. treat sick people

2. The doctor decided to test the chips himself because he believed that _____.

    A. nobody would dare to try it

    B. they can be used for identification purposes (目的)

    C. it has been proved successful on animals

    D. his patients expected him to experience it first

3. Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?

    A. This chip has been proved to be very successful.

    B. The use of this chip will be favored by everybody.

    C. There will be a great market for chip planting in humans.

    D. Doctors will make good money by using chips.

4. What problem may be caused by planting chips in the human body?

    A. People will be controlled by computers.

    B. Computers could send out wrong information.

    C. Chips can be the cause of diseases.

    D. Information may be used improperly.

推断题

近年来,许多专家对石灰氮重新进行了深入研究,这也使得石灰氮这一古老的肥料又焕发了新的活力。石灰氮是由Ca、N、C等三种元素组成的盐,其含钙、氮的质量分数分别为50%、35%。石灰氮完全水解后的产物是固体A和气体B,其中B是制取氮肥的主要原料。固体A在高温下分解生成D和气体C。B的催化氧化产物为E和F,F继续氧化后的产物G遇到E生成一种工业强酸。将G和F的混合物溶解在接近零度的水中,即生成亚硝酸的水溶液,该反应可表示如下G+F+H2O=2HNO2(已配平)。

请回答下列问题:

(1)石灰氮的化学式为__________________。

(2)写出足量B和C与氯化钠溶液反应的化学方程式:__________________。 

(3)亚硝酸(HNO2)是一种与醋酸酸性相当的弱酸,很不稳定,通常在室温下立即分解。在酸性条件下,当NaNO2与KI按物质的量1:1恰好完全反应,且I-被氧化为I2时,含氮产物为__________(填化学式)。要得到稳定HNO2溶液,可以往冷冻的浓NaNO2溶液中加入或通入某种物质,下列物质不适合使用是_________ (填序号)。

a. 磷酸     b. 二氧化碳     c. 稀硫酸     d. 二氧化硫     e. 次氯酸

(4)工业废水中的NO2-可用铝粉除去。已知此反应体系中包含Al、NaAlO2、NaNO2、NaOH、NH3、H2O六种物质。写出上述反应的离子方程式:_______________。若改用电解法将废水中NO2转换为N2除去,N2将在_________(填电极名称)生成。

(5)某研究小组学生提出检验火柴头上KClO3实验方案如下

有关的离子反应方程式为_______________。

(6)在(5)方案基础上,要确定火柴头中含KClO3,还需进行的实验操作为_________。