问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读并回答问题。

野菊花

  ①野菊花!野菊花开在山野里。

  ②有谁见过这般豪放壮烈的花云?有谁闻过这么沉郁凝重的药香?那样泼泼辣辣地开。一簇一簇,一滩一滩,一坡一坡,灿烂辉煌!

  ③花朵不过一分镍币大小,密密匝匝,重重叠叠,织造出淮河堤畔、大别山麓梦幻般神奇的织锦,分明是太阳和月亮灼目滚烫的合金,让造物主随意倾倒泼洒在这里,叫人心灵久久震颤。

  ④几番秋风秋雨秋霜,山野早已敛去辽阔的绿氅(氅,外套),只把灰褐的脊背袒露世间;曾经被悠逸的白云衬托得如此高远的天空,也被铅灰压缩了胸襟;紫燕和 鸿雁归飞的呼唤,杳然寂灭在江南的路上,留下水牛与山羊的哞咩,在枯草败叶间低回……纵然是松柏也已减色,纵然是檀竹也已落魄,惟独野菊花,却以她野性的勇敢和进取,在这片天空下,这片山野上,举起开放的拓展的金旗,“欲与西风战一场,遍身穿就黄金甲”。

  ⑤多少墨客骚人吟咏酬唱,把菊魂菊意唱彻历朝历代;唱的大多是庭院、公园、花盆里的名菊。比起野菊花来,这些被驯化、供玩赏的同类,不免沾染着脂粉气、奶油味,显得矫饰和做作。宁愿入汤入药、成渣成泥,决不任人摆布、供人亵玩——这就是野菊花!

  ⑥野菊花自有野菊花不惑无悔的性格和气质。

  ⑦她不禁锢自己。有花就尽情地开,有香就尽情地放。这一朵迟迟不肯谢去,那一朵挣出半个脸来就开了,从茎项,从肋下,一下子冒出那么多花骨朵,仿佛一夜之间被风雨唤醒,就一齐把眼睁开,睁得又圆又亮,再也不想闭去。白天盯住太阳,夜晚盯住星星月亮。那份野性,连日月星辰也只能轮番伺候。她把她金子般的本色毫不掩饰地宣泄成河成瀑,从发散的浓香里谛听到广东音乐《金蛇狂舞》的活跃、琵琶古曲《十面埋伏》的壮烈……

  ⑧她不固守现状。匍匐的枝条看似软弱,却从不攀缘依附。这枝被折去,更多的芽箭立即射出,迅速占领周围的地面,把墨玉般羽状分裂的叶片扩张开来,铺展如苍鹰翼翮(翮,翅膀),拥护着黄花,风来想凌空而去,云过含不尽想往,活脱是一幅潘天寿饱含金石意味的《鹰瞵图》,从大别山巅垂挂到淮河水沿。当霜雪卷藏这轮宏篇巨构,她的宿根却在这片沉重而冷静的土地下酝酿谋划,将屈原“上下求索”的浩歌冻结在心,循时以蹿发。今年崖头岭上的几株,明年一定发展成簇;今年篱前坎下的数丛,明年一定繁衍成圃。星散的,要汇集;成块的,要连片。然后,在荒滩野坡,在贫瘠却是自由的土地上,左冲右窜:向着四面八方扩张,挺进,步步为营,为营步步。不知是山野滋育了她的野性,还是她的野性诱发了山野的野味野情。

  ⑨哦,野菊花,这野性的精灵!这野性的勇敢和进取!想怎么开就怎么开,想在哪儿开就在哪儿开。你根本辖制不住她,她也从不约束自己。西风里,严霜下,万花纷谢的境遇中,孤军奋战,举一面嫩金、黄金、赤金锻造的大纛(纛,古代军队的大旗),鲜明如火,嘹亮如歌,浓烈如酒,狂放如战胜者的开怀肆笑。

  ⑩这是一种怎样野性的美啊!而这野性美又以烛照天地的光芒,投射在她开放的态势和拓展的行动之中,于生命的运行里发现自我,表现自我,实现自我,叫人体味出一种人生境界,才有久久的震颤回荡在心……

1.①②③段是从哪些角度描绘野菊花的?请概括回答。

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2.从全文看,野菊花的野性主要表现在哪些方面?

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3.④⑤两段运用了衬托的写法,请具体分析并说明其作用。

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4.⑦⑧⑨三段集中描写了野菊花的性格和气质,请从中找出一个你最喜爱的句子,并分析其表达效果。

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5.读完全文,结合你对生命意义和价值的理解,谈谈你从野菊花身上得到了哪些启示?

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答案

1.生长环境、开放态势、花的气味、花的形状、花的颜色

2.①不任人摆布;②不禁锢自己;③不固守现状。

3.第④段描写秋后山野的灰褐、天空的铅灰、紫燕鸿雁的归去、松柏的褪色、檀竹的落魄等,反衬出野菊花的勇敢和进取;

第⑤段描写庭院、公园、花盆里被人驯化、供人玩赏的名菊,反衬出野菊花桀骜不驯的野性美。(意对即可)

4.如:西风里,严霜下,万花纷谢的境遇中,孤军奋战,举一面嫩金、黄金、赤金锻造的大纛,鲜明如火,嘹亮如歌,浓烈如酒,狂放如战胜者的开怀肆笑。

理由:本句运用排比、比喻、拟人等修辞手法,刻画出野菊花胜者的豪放形象,语言节奏感强,富有感染力。(答案不唯一)

5.人生要像野菊花一样有开放的态势和拓展的行动;要在生命的运行里发现自我,表现自我,实现自我。(意对即可)

填空题
阅读理解

Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. Reading is the basic part of education and a child’s reading ability will influence his school success greatly. Learning difficulties, many of which begin from poor reading skills, can damage a school child’s confidence and affect his future achievement. Young children are programmed to learn and they can learn better with encouragement. Ten to twenty minutes of reading a day still leaves plenty of time for play.

Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child, but they should also remember that most children learn to speak by the time they are 3. Learning a language is probably the single most challenging task any individual can undertake, yet children do it without formal instruction, achieving the fluency much better than adult language students.

There is a window of opportunity in terms of IQ development, which is most open during a child’s early years. A scientific study, carried out by Dr. Peter Huttenlocher at the University of Chicago, showed that the number of connectors, called synapses(神经元突触), between the nerve endings in a newborn baby’s brain is similar to the number in the average adult brain. These synapses increase rapidly during early childhood. By 12-24 months a child’s brain has about 50% more synapses than the average adult brain. After that the synapses which are not in use begin to atrophy(衰退). For most people, from age 16, the number remains steady. It begins to drop again as we move into our golden years. Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate(刺激)and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial(有益的)effect on IQ development.

Another notable study is probably the Milwaukee project. This study took a group of babies, all of whose mothers had low IQs, and gave them special training for seven hours a day, five days a week, until they started first grade. By the age of 6 these children had an average IQ 30 points higher than their contemporaries. The overwhelming conclusion is that the early intellectual stimulation can have a positive, long-term effect on a child’s brain development.

From birth you should talk to and explain things to your baby. Reading to him can be a wonderful way of spending quality time with your child. The enjoyment of books and being familiar with the idea of print will pave the way for(为……铺平道路)learning to read later.

If your child is a fast learner you can help him realize his potential by introducing him to the joy of the printed word at an early age. This will lay the foundations(基础)for both a high achieving school career and a lifelong love of reading. If your child shows early signs of reading difficulties, your efforts may help him get rid of such problems before he goes to school.

It can be difficult to teach your own child because emotional(引起情绪激动的)issues arise easily. Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. They allow children to repeat new materials as many times as they need to, without wearing out the parents’ patience.

小题1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.Children should be taught to read at an early age.

B.Children can read better than most adult students.

C.Children have more synapses than most adults.

D.Children are supposed to learn to read on the Internet.小题2:Why does the author mention the study by Dr. Peter Hutten locher?

A.To remove parents’ worry.

B.To explain IQ development.

C.To explain how a baby’s brain works.

D.To show the parents’ wrong ideas.小题3:How can children benefit from learning to read at a young age?

A.It can build up great confidence in their mind.

B.It can help preserve the connectors in their brains.

C.It can help produce more connectors in their brains.

D.It can help them find both their weaknesses and strengths.小题4:At the end of this passage the author advises _______.

A.parents not to get angry too often

B.children to enjoy reading as early as possible

C.children not to wear out their parents’ patience

D.parents to get their children to take an online program