问题 实验题

某研究性学习小组在网上收集到如下信息:Fe(NO3)3溶液可以蚀刻银,制作美丽的银饰.他们对蚀刻银的原因进行了如下探究:

【实验】制备银镜,并与Fe(NO3)3溶液反应,发现银镜溶解.

(1)下列有关制备银镜过程的说法正确的是________.

a.边振荡盛有2%的AgNO3溶液的试管,边滴入2%的氨水,至最初的沉淀恰好溶解为止

b.将几滴银氨溶液滴入2 mL乙醛中

c.制备银镜时,用酒精灯的外焰给试管底部加热

d.银氨溶液具有较弱的氧化性

e.在银氨溶液配制过程中,溶液的pH增大

【提出假设】

假设1:Fe3+具有氧化性,能氧化Ag.

假设2:Fe(NO3)3溶液显酸性,在此酸性条件下NO3能氧化Ag.

【设计实验方案,验证假设】

(2)甲同学从上述实验的生成物中检验出Fe2+,验证了假设1成立.请写出Fe3+氧化Ag的离子方程式:___________________________________.

(3)乙同学设计实验验证假设2,请帮他完成下表中内容(提示:NO3在不同条件下的还原产物较复杂,有时难以观察到气体产生).

【思考与交流】

(4)甲同学验证了假设1成立,若乙同学验证了假设2也成立,则丙同学由此得出结论:Fe(NO3)3溶液中的Fe3+和NO3都氧化了Ag. 你是否同意丙同学的结论,并简述理由:_____________________________________.

答案

(1)a、d、e

(2)Ag+Fe3+==Ag+Fe2+

(3)

(4)不同意.甲同学检验出了Fe2+,可确定Fe3+一定氧化了Ag;乙同学虽然验证了此条件下NO3能氧化Ag,但在硝酸铁溶液氧化Ag时,由于没有检验NO3的还原产物,因此不能确定NO3是否氧化了Ag

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