问题 问答题

如图,在探究“滑动摩擦力的大小与什么因素有关”的实验中,需要测量滑块在木板上滑动时受到的摩擦力.

(1)图甲第一次的实验装置,木板固定在水平桌面,实验时,

①调零后的弹簧测力计拉滑块的拉力方向必须是______;

②拉动重为G的滑块时,滑块要作______运动,此时读出测力计的示数为F;

③滑块受到的摩擦力大小表达式为:f=______(用步骤中出现过的物理量符号,写出表达式).

(2)实验时发现弹簧测力计在移动中示数不稳定,很难读数,实验小组将装置改为图乙的器材.在拉动木板水平向左运动的过程中,滑块相对水平桌面静止.

①请画出图乙中滑块所受摩擦力f 和弹簧测力计拉力F的示意图;

②这样进行实验,有什么优点?请你写出其中的一点.______.

答案

(1)①调零后的弹簧测力计拉水平放置的滑块时,拉力方向必须是水平方向;

②实验中用弹簧测力计匀速拉动木块,使它沿长木板做匀速直线运动,木块处于平衡状态,木块受到的拉力与摩擦力是一对平衡力,由平衡条件可得:木块受到摩擦力的大小就等于弹簧测力计的示数;

③滑块受到的摩擦力大小表达式为:f=F;

(2)①图乙中滑块所受摩擦力f 和弹簧测力计拉力F的示意图如下图所示:

②采用乙图设计因为无论长木板是否做匀速直线运动,木块都处于静止状态(即平衡状态),这样拉力等于摩擦力,而且无论拉木板速度多少,摩擦力都一样,不改变摩擦力大小,所以容易读数.

故答案为:

(1)①水平方向;②匀速直线;③F; 

(2)①如上图所示;

②测力计更稳定,便于读数.测力计更稳定,便于读数(或拉木板可以不用匀速、或可以演示摩擦力大小与运动方式(快慢、变速)无关、或可以验证摩擦力与压力成正比的定量关系等等,合理可得分).

完形填空

Lang Lang is a world-class young pianist who grew up in Shenyang. He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. “You need luck,” his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.”

What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him. “You have no talent. You will never be a pianist.” As a nine-year-old boy, Lang Lang was badly hurt. He decided that he didn’t want to be a pianist any more. For the next two weeks, he didn’t touch the piano. Wisely, his father didn’t push, but waited.

Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn’t want to, but as he placed his fingers in the piano keys, he realized that he could show others that he had talent after all. That day he told his father what he had been waiting to hear---that he wanted to study with a new teacher. From that point on, everything turned around.

He started to win competitions and then became famous at home and abroad. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune finds him, and lets him shine.

 

小题1: Which city is Lang Lang’s hometown? (用完整句子回答)

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小题2: Which word has the same meaning as “luck” (in the first paragraph) in the article?

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小题3:Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

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小题4: Lang Lang’s father is a ________ father, who is different from other fathers. (此空填一词)

小题5:How do you understand “a good teacher”? (用定语从句回答)

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填空题