问题 填空题

化学为人类创造了巨大财富.化学家正在研究利用太阳能来引发某些化学反应.

例如:xH2O

太阳能
.
 
xH2↑+O2↑.请回答:

(1)化学方程式中x的数值是______,该反应所属的基本反应类型是______.

(2)从湖泊中取水后人们常在湖水中加入明矾(KAl(SO42•12H2O)作为净水剂,明矾由______元素组成.该物质中______元素质量分数含量最大.

答案

(1)反应后氧原子的总数为2,所以反应前氧原子总数也得为2,所以x=2;

由于此反应符合“一变多”的特点,所以为分解反应;

(2)由明矾的化学式可以看出明矾中含有K、Al、S、O、H五种元素;根据元素质量分数的计算公式可以看出,某原子的相对原子质量乘以该原子的个数越大的则说明该物质中所含该元素质量分数越大,通过计算氧元素质量分数最大,

即明矾中氧元素的质量分数=

16×(4×2+1×12)
39+27+(32+16×4)×2+12×(1×2+16)
×100%.

故答案为:(1)2,分解反应;(2)五,氧.

单项选择题
单项选择题

The great advance (91) rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far (92) in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. (93) , during the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with (94) fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have (95) their appearance, and it is a favorite layperson’s question to (96) which one is "better". The question is meaningless. (97) might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is "better". It all (98) on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, (99) has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be reignited when (100) . (101) , the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather (102) in construction, (103) hard to build when a really (104) size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action (105) very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be (106) readiness for very long after it has been fueled. (107) , once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and reignited (108) desired (it could conceivably be stopped and reignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed, and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles (109) solid fuels, but human-piloted spaceflight needs the fine adjustments that can (110) be provided by liquid fuels.

A.and

B.so

C.thus

D.but