问题 阅读理解与欣赏

比较阅读下面两段文言短文,完成下列各题。( 14 分)

【甲】世有伯乐,然后有千里马。千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马,只辱于奴隶人之手,骈死于槽枥之间,不以千里称也。

马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石。食马者不知其能千里而食也。是马也,虽有千里之能,食不饱,力不足,才美不外见,且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也?

策之不以其道,食之不能尽其材,鸣之而不能通其意,执策而临之,曰:“天下无马!”呜呼!其真无马邪?其真不知马也。

【乙】高祖置酒洛阳南宫。上曰:“列侯、诸将无敢①隐朕,皆言其情:吾所以有天下者何?项氏之所以失天下者何?”高起、王陵对曰:“项羽慢而侮人,陛下仁而爱人。然陛下使人攻城略地,所降者因以予之,与天下同利也。项羽妒贤嫉能,有功者害之,贤者疑之。战胜而不予人功,得地而不予人利,此所以失天下也。”高祖曰:“公知其一,未知其二。夫运筹策②帷幄之中决胜千里之外吾不如子房③。镇国家,抚百姓,给馈饷,不绝粮道,吾不如萧何。连百万之军,战必胜,攻必取,吾不如韩信 。三者皆人杰也,吾能用之,此吾所以取天下也。项羽有一范增 而不用,此所以为我擒也。”                                                             

注:①无敢:不要。②筹策:古代计算用具,引申为计策。③子房:张良的字。

小题1:下面几句话,没有停顿,请你用“/”划分句子间的停顿。(2分)(只划两处)

夫 运 筹 策 帷 幄 之 中 决 胜 千 里 之 外 吾 不 如 子 房

小题2:解释下列句子中加点的词。(4分)

A.虽有千里之能

B.策之不以其

C.此吾所以取天下也

D.项羽慢而侮人 小题3:用现代汉语翻译下列句子。(4分)

(1)且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也?

                                                                                                         

(2)项羽妒贤嫉能,有功者害之,贤者疑之。

                                                                                                     

小题4:【甲】文中提示千里马被埋没的根本原因的句子是什么?(用原文中的话回答)(2分)

                                                                                                                                       

【乙】文中刘邦认为他自己取得天下的经验是什么?(用自己的话回答)(2分)

                                                                      

答案

小题1:夫 运 筹 策 帷 幄 之 中/ 决 胜 千 里 之 外/ 吾 不 如 子 房

小题1:A、即使   B、驱使   C、……的原因  D、傲慢

小题1:(1)想要跟普通马等同尚且不可能,又怎么能要求它日行千里呢?

(2)项羽忌妒贤能,有功的人伤害他,贤能的人疑忌他。

小题1:食马者不知其能千里而食也。   用人杰取天下。     

阅读理解

A solar pump(太阳能水泵 ) was built in a desert small village. The pump used the deserts most common resource – sunlight, to increase its greatest need, water. Solar collectors were used to collect the sun’s rays. Flat collectors were used instead of concave (凹的) collectors. Flat collectors can be still and do not have moving parts, which can be broken in sandstorms. The system used the 20C temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a steam engine which pumped water from under the ground.

Some of the social effects of the new pump were planed for. Children aged 6—15 used to meet the old men to receive the informal education there. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of the people were poorer than before.

16. The basic function of the solar collectors is to ______

A. pump water           B. gather the sun’s rays 

C. start engine            D. raise the temperature

17. According to the passage which of the following statements could be true?

A. Solar collectors were concave collectors               

B. Flat collectors can be broken in sandstorms.

C. Concave collectors may be have moving parts.     

D. A solar pump is a solar collectors.

18. The underground water is pumped by means of ______.

A. solar collectors  B. the 20C temperature difference C. the system  D. a steam engine

19. Another plan was also included that_____.

A. some new pumps were to built ,too

B. children from aged 6—15 were required to meet old men.

C. a new school would take the place of the informal education.

D. the richest men in the village would control the pump.

20. From this passage , it can be inferred that_____.

A. the project was good , but people there disliked it.

B. only few rich men supported the project.

C. the project was successful even though it only brought good social effects to fewer villagers.

D. the project was a complete failure, because the result was against its purpose.

问答题 论述题