问题 综合题

(14分)世纪博览会被誉为“经济、科技与文化领域的奥林匹克盛会”,至今已走过了一百多年的历程,历届世博会都深深打上了举办国的烙印。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:1851年5月1日,首届世博会(全称“伦敦万国工业产品大博览会”)在伦敦拉开帷幕。……这届世博会是英国光荣与梦想的缩影。在宏大的盛会背后,隐藏着自第一次工业革命以来英国在经济发展和社会变迁方面取得的辉煌成就。

——摘自乔继红《历史的启示:世博会是经济大国发展的“晴雨表”和“助推器”》

(1)依据材料一并结合所学知识,从政治、经济两方面分析英国为什么能够成功举办“万国工业产品大博览会”。(4分)

材料二:1876年,美国费城举办世界博览会,这是美国历史上的第一次世界博览会。这一年,适逢美国建国百年纪念年。它的意义,绝不只在美国首次获得了世博会的举办权;通过博览会,美国要向世界展示一个新兴工业国家的崛起,证明它已走出欧洲工业强国的阴影。当世博会上当时功率最大的600吨柯立斯蒸汽机启动时,千百台机械齐声轰鸣,展厅微微震动。正是在这隆隆声中,美国向世界宣布:“我来了!”

——摘编自2010年5月13日《今晚报》

材料三:1876年费城世博会上的部分美国展品

(2)美国选择1876年在费城举办该国历史上的第一次世界博览会有着怎样的特殊意义?(2分)依据材料三分析,美国作为新兴工业国家崛起的突出表现是什么?(2分)

材料四:右图为1992年西班牙世博会主题标志。此次博览会的主题为“发现的时代”。

(3)依据材料四并结合所学知识指出,西班牙政府为何把世博会主题定为“发现的时代”?(2分)该“发现”曾对世界历史进程产生了怎样的影响?(4分)

答案

(1)政治:较早进行资产阶级革命,确 立了君主立宪制(或确立了资产阶级的统治。)(2分)

经济:最早进行工业革命,特别是瓦特改忍受蒸汽机,推动英国率先进入蒸汽时代。(2分)

(2)特殊意义:1876年适逢美国建国百年纪念。(1分)1776年《独立宣言》就是在费城签署的。(1分)

突出表现:重视新能源和新 科技的发展 ,尤其是在电力的应用和新通讯方式的发明方面走在了世界的前列。(2分)

(3)理由:为纪念哥伦布发现美洲大陆500周年。(2分)

影响:①引起了“商业革命”;②引起了“价格革命”;(以上两点答出具体内容的同样给分)③促进了欧洲资本主义的发展;④给美洲当地人民带来了巨大灾难。(每点1分,共4分)

填空题



For more than two centuries, American’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial, (1) and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning (2) . They are apt to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities, but (3) stand out as watersheds:
Education (4) : In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education (5) , including such disenfranchised groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of (6) and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
(7) : Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. Competitive pressure first arose (8) . The academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when (9) commissioned by President Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, scientific research (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped (12) far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine and society as a whole.
(13) : The end of the World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for (14) for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were (15) in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had (16) of going to college.
(17) : The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought (18) to higher education and further helped to democratize access. Since its founding (19) , the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth more than (20) .

多项选择题