问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成小题。(13分)

田野里的蜜蜂

[法]儒勒·米什莱

①这些都是从三月开始的。时有时无已经蕴含了一些热力的太阳唤醒了大自然沉睡的青春活力,田野里的小花,紫色的地丁,草原上的雏菊,绿篱间的黄色毛茛,早开的紫罗兰,迎风盛放,把空气蒸熏得一片芬芳。不过这只是一会儿功夫的事。

②正午刚开,三点钟后花枝就都闭拢了,遮盖住它们不断颤抖的雄蕊。在这短暂的暖和时间里,你看,一个金黄色的小小生物,浑身绒毛,挺怕冷似的,正大着胆子舒展着翅膀呢。蜜蜂离开住处了,它知道花丛间已经为她和她的孩子们准备好了甜甜的蜜汁。

③现在几乎什么都没有,大部分的摇篮都还空着。蜂王的巨大繁殖能力还隐藏在她的肚子里。定期快速地产卵、创造新的一代的工作,还得稍后一点,要等到晴朗的五月才会开始呢。

④多奇妙的契合。大部分冷瑟瑟的花枝,跟冷瑟瑟的蜜蜂一样,都在等待着一个更稳定的季节,准备在亮堂堂的阳光里舒展花冠。她们的天生丽质实在禁不住目前这变幻无常的四月天气。

⑤这些迷人的小家伙穿梭似地飞来飞去真是愉快。

⑥柔弱的花枝在昆虫的时时骚动下不停地弯腰,晃动。那在风前闭拢了的圣地却向着她心爱的蜜蜂开放,小蜜蜂全身沉浸在花丛里,传送着春天的消息。大自然向世俗采取了绝妙的预防措施,来掩藏这里的奥秘,但怎么能制止住这坚决的追逐者呢……

⑦蜜蜂居住在那仙山琼阁深处,下面铺着柔软的地毯,上面是美妙的楼台,黄玉作墙,蓝宝石是天花板。然而,这些死板板的玉石怎能跟它的邸第相埒

⑧花枝摇曳,发出一阵阵香气,她们在期望,在等待。她们迎接蜜蜂,这小小的隐蔽王国的幸福的征服者,侵入那洁净无暇的屏障,小家伙把这儿的一切都搅乱了,混和在一道,可是花儿都向它道谢,再见吧,祝福你满载着芬芳和蜜液离去。

⑨多少祝福的地方,多少幸福的时刻,蜜蜂你在做着纯洁的劳动啊,你一边收获,一边完成着千千万万的婚媾呢。在岸边,比如那傍近旷野的大海,人们很少去寻觅这些和平肃默的牧歌,但只要有一个安全隐蔽、日光映照的地方,大自然总要造成一个小小社会:这儿,花枝为蜜蜂流淌出她最甜美的蜜汁;这儿,蜜蜂轻轻卸下满盛着欲望、弯下了腰身的花枝的重负。

⑩黄昏前的时辰是暖和、湿润而温馨的。花枝被最后的阳光轻轻抚弄着,仍然保留着她体内的温热气息,她的花冠被白色的轻雾所濡湿,于是花儿感觉到又复活起来;她爱,她正在爱。花心舒展开来;抖动着她们的香尘雾绢。在这神圣的时刻,会逗引来多少蜜蜂!

(选自《散文选刊》2011年第6期)

【注释】①〔邸第(dǐ)〕达官贵族的府第。②〔相埒(liè)〕相等。③〔婚媾(ɡòu)〕婚姻;嫁娶。

小题1:文章开头写太阳唤醒大自然青春活力,这样写有什么好处?(2分)

小题2:用一句话概括第②③④自然段主要的内容。(2分)

小题3:从修辞角度入手,赏析第⑦自然段这几句话的妙处。(3分)

小题4:第⑨自然段划线的语句道出了怎样的哲理?(3分)

小题5:读书能身临其境,情思喷涌,这是一种好习惯。下面批注,就是这样写成的。认真品读另一句话,写下你的“情思”。(3分)

原句:柔弱的花枝在昆虫的时时骚动下不停地弯腰,晃动。那在风前闭拢了的圣地却向着她心爱的蜜蜂开放,小蜜蜂全身沉浸在花丛里,传送着春天的消息。

批注:花枝迎蜜蜂,蜜蜂醉花枝,多美的画面呀!

原句:小家伙把这儿的一切都搅乱了,混和在一道,可是花儿都向它道谢,再见吧,祝福你满载着芬芳和蜜液离去。

批注:_________________________________________________________

答案

小题1:描绘了大地苏醒呈现出强盛的生命力,为后面写花枝与蜜蜂从事创造性工作作铺垫。

小题1:花枝、蜜蜂作好准备等待工作时间的到来。

小题1:这几句话采用了比喻、拟人、对比等修辞手法,把蜜蜂的本来的住处比喻成仙山琼阁,把花枝间比喻成“邸第”,同时把蜜蜂当作有情感、有思想的人来写,她选择的“邸第”,这样也形成对比,从而突出了蜜蜂和花枝醉心于从事创造性工作的美丽追求。

小题1:人与人之间要和平相处,要互帮互助,取长补短,要想着为他人多付出。如果是这样,那么人人都能获得快乐和幸福,人人都能为社会、为他人创造价值,创造财富,创造幸福。

小题1:花儿,慈祥的母亲;蜜蜂,可爱的孩子。真幸福,真美丽呀!

选择题
填空题

Part 1


·Read the followingpassages, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet..
To understand the nature of the liberal arts college and its function in our society, it is important to understand the difference between education and training.
Training is intended primarily for the service of society; education is primarily for the individual. Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers and teachers to perform specific tasks necessary to its operation, just as it needs carpenters and plumbers and stenographers. (1) And these needs, our training centers — the professional and trade schools — fill. But although education is for the improvement of the individual, it also serves society by providing a leavening of men of understanding, of perception, and wisdom. (2) They serve society by examining its function, appraising its needs, and criticizing its direction. They may be earning their livings by practicing one of the professions, or in pursuing a trade, or by engaging in business enterprise. They may be rich or poor. (3) Without them, however, society either disintegrates or else becomes an anthill.
The difference between the two types of study is like the difference between the discipline and exercise in a professional baseball training camp and that of a Y gym. In the one, the recruit is training to become a professional baseball player who will make a living and serve society by playing baseball. (4) The training at the baseball camp is all-relevant. The recruit may spend hours practicing how to slide into second base, not because it is a particularly useful form of calisthenics but because it is relevant to the game. (5) Similarly, the candidate for the pitching staff spends a lot of time throwing a baseball, not because it will improve his physique — it may have quite the opposite effect — but because pitching is to be his principal function on the team.
(6) The intention is to strengthen the body in general, and when the members sit down on the floor with their legs outstretched and practice touching their fingers to their toes, it is not because they hope to become galley slaves, perhaps the only occupation where that particular exercise would be relevant.
In general, relevancy is a facet of training rather than of education. What is taught at law school is the present law of the land, not the Napoleonic Code or even the archaic laws that have been scratched from the statute books. And at medical school, too, it is modern medical practice that is taught, that which is relevant to conditions today. (7)
In the liberal arts college, on the other hand, the student is encouraged to explore new fields and old fields, to wander down the bypaths of knowledge. (8)
  • A. At the Y gym, exercises have no such relevance.
  • B. There the teaching is concerned with major principles, and its purpose is to change the student, to make him something different from what he was before, just as the purpose of the Y gym is to make a fat man into a thin one, or a p one out of a weak one.
  • C. And the plumber and the carpenter and the electrician and the mason learn only what is relevant to the practice of their respective trades in this day with tools and materials that are presently available and that conform to the building code.
  • D. Training supplies the immediate and specific needs of society so that the work of the world may continue.
  • E. And in the other, he is training only to improve his own body and musculature.
  • F. The exercise would stop if the rules were changed so that sliding to a base was made illegal.
  • G. They are our intellectual leaders, the critics of our culture, the defenders of our free traditions, the instigators of our progress.
  • H. They may occupy positions of power and prestige, or they may be engaged in some humble employment.