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心理学诞生的标志

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心理学诞生的标志 

1879年,德国著名心理学家冯特在德国莱比锡大学创建了世界上第一个心理学实验室,开始对心理现象进行系统的实验室研究,使心理学从哲学中脱离出来,成为一门独立的科学。这一事件标志着科学心理学的诞生,冯特因此被称为心理学之父。 

冯特的实验心理学研究取向明显受到当时以实验为研究基础的化学与物理学的影响。特别是化学研究主要探究物质的结构成分,并以分析与合成的方法来控制物质的变化。冯特试图通过类似化学研究中的元素分析与合成的方法来探究人的心理实质,分析人的心理结构。冯特的这一思想体系被人们称为构造主义。

构造主义提出后,受到了心理学界的普遍反对,其结果使得构造主义衰落了,但同时因为反对者的主张各有不同,演变成了百家争鸣、学派林立的局面。大凡一门独立科学的形成,都要经过一段不同思想认知之间的争论才能逐渐达到统一。

完形填空
It all started at the beginning of the ninth grade. Carmen found she couldn't see things ___26___ all the time. She became very worried, but she hoped    27   would know that. When her mother asked her to see the eye doctor, she didn't   28  . But her mother's mind was made up.
Three days later. Carmen got new glasses and instructions   29 . her doctor. "All of the kids will think I'm silly. " Carmen said. Her mother   30   and shook her head. "You look just as beautiful as before, she said. But Carmen didn't believe her.
The next day. Carmen kept the    31   in her pocket(口袋))as she walked into the schoolyard. She stood alone away from her friends, feeling   32  
Suddenly, she heard her friend Theresa shout.
Carmen ran over to the other girls. "What's the    33 ?" she asked.
"My ring is gone!" Theresa cried. "My sister sent it to me from California. It's very _34__  and I can 't lose it. "
Carmen and her friends began to    35   the ring in the grassy area of the playground. Carmen realized that she could do better _36_  she could see better. She took the glasses out and put them on. Everything looked so _37_ ! So clear! She looked down at the ground and a bright light caught her 38  . It was the ring.
"Here it is," she shouted. She handed it to Theresa.
"Thanks, Carmen," she said. "I _39_ thought we'd find it." She paused(停顿). “Hey, 1 didn’t knowyou wore glasses. They look great!"
Carmen had   40   that she was wearing the new glasses. “Thanks,” she replied.
"Maybe wearing glasses won't be so bad after all." Carmen thought.
小题1:a. clearly            B. carefully           C. freely              D. quickly
小题2: a. everybody         B. anybody         C. somebody            D. nobody
小题3: a. explain           B. care               C. agree               D.understand
小题4: a.by                B. from               C. like            D. to
小题5: a. relaxed            B.cheered          C. smiled         D. jumped
小题6:
A.ringB.keysC.book D.glasses
小题7:
A.tired B.unhappy C.afraid D.serious
小题8:
A.matter B.reason C.question D.secret
小题9:
A.special B.common C.cheap D.heavy
小题10:
A.ask for B.wait for C.look forD.pay for
小题11:
A.though B.if C.because D.as
小题12:
A.natural B.new C.dirty D.different
小题13:
A.ears B.feet C.eyes D.hands
小题14:
A.still B.ever C.never D.often
小题15:
A.heard B.forgotten C.found D.imagined
单项选择题