问题 计算题

在光滑的水平面上,质量为m1的小球A以速率v0向右运动。在小球A的前方O点有一质量为m2的小球B处于静止状态,如图所示。小球A与小球B发生正碰后小球AB均向右运动。小球B被在Q点处的墙壁弹回后与小球AP点相遇,PQ=1.5PO。假设小球间的碰撞及小球与墙壁之间的碰撞都是弹性的,求两小球质量之比m1/m2

答案

解:从两小球碰撞后到它们再次相遇,小球AB的速度大小保持不变,根据它们通过的路程,可知小球B和小球A在碰撞后的速度大小之比为4∶1。

设碰撞后小球A和B的速度分别为v1v2,在碰撞过程中动量守恒,碰撞前后动量相等

             ①

       ②

利用v2/v1=4,可解出     ③

单项选择题
单项选择题

Remember global warming Back in December, the threat of climate change was thundering, and the rich countries agreed to cut their carbon-dioxide and other green-house-related emissions. Since then, interest has cooled markedly, and many European countries are already running away from the promises they made so loudly a few months ago. But there has been much talk, and a bit of action, to encourage renewable (可更新的) energies such as wind, hydro, solar and all living organisms. These emit no greenhouse gases, but tend to cost more than coal, oil or gas.

The better, simpler idea is to remember that the easiest way to reduce something is to tax it—in this case, by taxing the carbon content of power. The dirtier the power, the more tax it would pay. So dirty coal would be more expensive than clean coal, which would see its price rise in relation to oil, which would be even more expensive compared to gas, which would lose some of its price advantage over renewables.

Unless a carbon tax was so huge as to be economically crippling, it would not remove the price differential (差别) between all renewables and fossil fuels. But it would narrow that gap, by fixing the differing environmental costs into the price—a useful principle in itself. It would also give renewable producers a p incentive to cut costs, and fossil-fuel suppliers an motivation to clean their products.

Precedents suggest ply that a carbon tax would be effective. But the disadvantage to carbon taxes is political. After almost a decade of trying, the European Union gave up an attempt at a European carbon tax last year. Germany’s ruling coalition is fighting against a proposed energy tax. In America, politicians believe that even mentioning the notion is certain death. But many of the political objections could be met if a carbon tax were made up for the loss elsewhere, for example by lowering payroll or sales taxes. There is always suspicion when governments come up with clever new ways to tax, and rightly so. The response to that suspicion should be to win the argument, not to abandon it.

The word "crippling" (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means ().

A. greatly increasing

B. seriously weakening

C. sharply declining

D. abruptly halting