问题 计算题

如图所示为交流发电机示意图,匝数为n=100匝的矩形线圈,边长分别为 10 cm和20 cm,内阻为 5Ω,在磁感应强度B="0.5" T的匀强磁场中绕OO′轴以50 rad/s的角速度匀速转动,转动开始时线圈平面与磁场方向平行,线圈通过电刷和外部 20Ω的电阻R相接.求电键S合上后,

(1)写出线圈内产生的交变电动势瞬时值的表达式

(2)电压表和电流表示数;

(3)电阻R上所消耗的电功率是多少?

(4)如保持转子匀速转动,外力每分钟需要对转子所做的功;

(5)从计时开始,线圈转过的过程中,通过外电阻R的电量;

答案

(1)50cos50tV(2)40V  2.0 A(3)80 W(4)6.0×103J(5)3.5×10-2c

题目分析:(1)感应电动势最大值

Em=nBSω =100×0.5×0.1×0.2×50 V=50 V    (2分)

故交变电动势瞬时值的表达式为

e= Em cosωt =50cos50t V                   (3分)

(2)感应电动势有效值     E=="50" V.                   (1分)

电键S合上后,由闭合电路欧姆定律

I= A="2.0" A,                         (1分)

U=IR=2×20 V="40" V.                              (1分)

即电流表示数为 2 A,电压表示数为 40 V。          (2分)

(3) 电阻R上所消耗的电功率 P=IU=2×40 W="80" W.     (2分)

(4)  W="Q" =I2(R+r) t=22×(20+5) ×60J=6.0×103J       (4分)

(5)  q=n△φ/(R+r)= nBS sin / (R+r)             (3分)

代入数据,解得 q= 3.5×10-2c                    (1分)

点评:此题首先要能够求出闭合线圈在匀强磁场中匀速转动时产生的感应电动势的表达式,产生电动式的线圈相当于电源,从而传化为电路的问题,在解题过程中一定要注意,电压表和电流表的示数为有效值,电阻消耗的功率要用有效值去求解.

单项选择题
阅读理解

My interest in Chinese food started many years ago, when I had my first job. I was a young reporter for the Daily Journal in San Francisco. Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown. I usually managed to arrange my time so that I could go there at least two or three times a week for a good meal.

The first time I ever ate Chinese food I loved it. And since then, it just tastes better and better to me. The first thing I noticed was the fresh tastes of the meat and vegetable. When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why it has this special feature.

About 5000 years ago, China lost much of its wood because of over population and poor management of its forest. This loss was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to learn how to use it better.

In order to use less wood in cooking, they started to cut their meat and vegetable into small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way, the food cooked faster and they saved their fuel. The food prepared in the manner kept its fresh flavor(风味)--- and its this flavor that attracts people to the art of Chinese cooking.

I often wonder if the Chinese appreciated their solution to that ancient energy problem as much as I do now --- whenever I eat Chinese food.

小题1:This passage is mainly about ___________.

A.why Chinese food tastes fresh

B.what Chinese food tastes like

C.how Chinese food is cooked

D.what makes Chinese food special小题2:The author got to know Chinese food _______________.

A.when he worked as a reporter in China

B.from a news story in the Daily Journal

C.after he got a taste of it in the Chinatown

D.before he got his first job in San Francisco小题3:The author thought the Chinese cut meat and vegetable into small pieces in order to _____________.

A.keeping its fresh flavor

B.saving their hard –to-get wood

C.producing a different kind of food

D.attracting westerners to their food小题4:The word “ fuel” in the 4th paragraph most probably means ____________.

A.fresh flavor

B.meat and vegetable

C.hot oil

D.firewood小题5:According to the passage, the special freshness of Chinese food is the result of _______________.

A.the wood used to make the cooking fire

B.the fast speed at which it is cooked

C.the high quality of Chinese meat and vegetable

D.the well –developed art of Chinese cooking