阅读下列材料，回答有关问题：(14分) 材料一美洲的发现，经由好_爱下问搜题

搜题请搜索小程序“爱下问搜题”

问题综合题

阅读下列材料，回答有关问题：(14分)

材料一美洲的发现，经由好望角前往东印度的航道的发现，是人类历史上所记载的最伟大、最重要的事件。

——[英]亚当·斯密

材料二随着美洲和通往东印度的航线的发现，交往扩大了，工场手工业和整个生产运动有了巨大的发展。从那里输入的新产品，特别是进入流通的大量金银完全改变了阶级之间的相互关系，并且沉重地打击了封建土地所有制和劳动者；冒险的远征，殖民地的开拓，首先是当时市场已经可能扩大为而且日益扩大为世界市场，——所有这一切产生了一个历史发展的新阶段。

——《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷

请回答：①美洲是哪位航海家最先发现的？（2分）“经由好望角前往东印度的航道”的开辟者是谁？（2分）

②结合材料和所学知识，谈谈新航路的开辟对世界、对东方、对西方分别产生了哪些重要影响？（10分）

答案

①哥伦布。(2分) 达．伽马。(2分)

②新航路的开辟，开始了“地理大发现”的过程，使世界逐渐连成一个整体，世界市场的雏形开始出现；西欧国家出现商业革命、价格革命，并开始了殖民侵略，这一切促进了西方国家资本主义的发展；东方国家逐渐变为殖民地半殖民地，带来了巨大的灾难。（10分）

完形填空

When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was   1  to see that it was an English English dictionary, also known as a monolingual（单语的） dictionary.   2  it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and, to be honest, I found it extremely 3  to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the   4  bilingual（双语的）dictionaries, in which the words are    5  both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt   6  to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I   7 that monolingual dictionaries are  8 in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two 9  in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to 10 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the   11 meaning of a word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 12  , I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n)   13  number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 14 exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.

B．interesting

C．immediately

A．According to

B．In relation to

C．In addition to

判断题

涡轮的阻力包括ATF油的摩擦阻力、与涡轮相联系的各元件的运动阻力等。（）