问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,回答有关问题:(14分)

材料一 美洲的发现,经由好望角前往东印度的航道的发现,是人类历史上所记载的最伟大、最重要的事件。

——[英]亚当·斯密

材料二 随着美洲和通往东印度的航线的发现,交往扩大了,工场手工业和整个生产运动有了巨大的发展。从那里输入的新产品,特别是进入流通的大量金银完全改变了阶级之间的相互关系,并且沉重地打击了封建土地所有制和劳动者;冒险的远征,殖民地的开拓,首先是当时市场已经可能扩大为而且日益扩大为世界市场,——所有这一切产生了一个历史发展的新阶段。

——《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷

请回答:①美洲是哪位航海家最先发现的?(2分)“经由好望角前往东印度的航道”的开辟者是谁?(2分)

②结合材料和所学知识,谈谈新航路的开辟对世界、对东方、对西方分别产生了哪些重要影响?(10分)

答案

①哥伦布。(2分) 达.伽马。(2分)

②新航路的开辟,开始了“地理大发现”的过程,使世界逐渐连成一个整体,世界市场的雏形开始出现;西欧国家出现商业革命、价格革命,并开始了殖民侵略,这一切促进了西方国家资本主义的发展;东方国家逐渐变为殖民地半殖民地,带来了巨大的灾难。(10分)

完形填空
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was   1  to see that it was an English English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary.   2  it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and, to be honest, I found it extremely  3  to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the   4  bilingual(双语的)dictionaries, in which the words are    5  both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt   6  to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I   7 that monolingual dictionaries are  8 in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two  9  in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to  10 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the   11 meaning of a word in English! Therefore, she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 12  , I have come to see what she meant. 
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n)   13  number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am  14 exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.  15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.
小题1:
A.worriedB.sadC.surprisedD.nervous
小题2:
A.BecauseB.Although C.UnlessD.If
小题3:
A.difficultB.interestingC.ambiguousD.practical
小题4:
A.newB.familiar C.earlierD.ordinary
小题5:
A.explained B.expressedC.described D.created
小题6:
A.offeredB.agreedC.decidedD.happened
小题7:
A.imagine B.recommend C.predictD.understand
小题8:
A.naturalB.betterC.easierD.convenient
小题9:
A.wordsB.namesC.ideasD.characters
小题10:
A.hopeB.declareC.doubtD.tell
小题11:
A.exactB.basicC.translatedD.expected
小题12:
A.LargelyB.GenerallyC.Gradually D.Probably
小题13:
A.extraB.averageC.totalD.limited
小题14:
A.repeatedlyB.nearlyC.immediately D.anxiously
小题15:
A.According to B.In relation toC.In addition toD.Because of
判断题