“在自然界中，既没有原因，也没有结果”；“因果规律的一切形式都是从主观意向中产生的”。这种观点是
A．形而上学机械决定论
B．否认因果区别的诡辩论
C．唯心主义非决定论
D．唯物主义决定论
参考答案：C
解析： 此题是考查唯心主义非决定论在因果关系问题上的错误观点。因果联系是客观必然的，是不依人的主观意志为转移的。任何原因都引起一定结果，任何结果都由一定的原因所引起，没有无原因之果，也没有无结果的原因。如果否认因果联系的客观必然性就会犯唯心主义非决定论的错误。题中所给定的四个备选项：“形而上学决定论”(A项)是夸大因果联系的必然性；“唯物主义决定论”(D项)是承认因果联系的客观必然性；“否认因果区别的诡辩论”将原因和结果当成一个东西。这样A、B、D三项都是错误的，只有C项才是符合题意的正确选项。此题有一定的难度，如果对“决定论”问题不掌握的话，是难以选择此题的。
| Every summer, Jean Piaget retreats to his cabin in the Alps, where he spends most of his days analyzing the mass of research data generated over the past year at his Center for Genetic Epistemology. During long walks along the mountain trails, he mulls over the latest experimental results, and in the cool mountain evenings, he formulates his conclusions. With the approach of fall, he will descend from the mountain, manuscript for a book and several journal articles in hand. This time-honored procedure of careful observation followed by seclusion for thought and synthesis, has enabled him to become the most prolific, if not the most famous psychologist of the century. Piaget has only been widely known in this country since the 1960s, when his works were translated from their original French. But he has been recognized as an expert in the field of cognitive development in Europe since the 1930s. In fact, Piaget’s publishing career can be traced to the year 1906, when as a child of ten, he published his careful notes on the habits of an albino sparrow he observed near his home in Switzerland. After his precocious debut as an ornithologist, he took an after school job at the local natural history museum, soon becoming an expert on mollusks. At the age of sixteen he was recommended for a curator’s position at the natural history museum in Geneva, but declined in favor of continuing his education. He studied natural science at the University of Neuchatel, obtaining his doctorate at the age of twenty-one. His readings in philosophy stimulated an intense interest in epistemology-the study of humans acquire knowledge. Convinced that cognitive development had a genetic basis. Piaget decided that the best way to approach epistemology would be through its behavioral and biological components. Psychology appeared to be the discipline that best incorporated this approach. |
The data Piaget was analyzing in his cabin in the Alps was mostly concerning
A．his findings of the wild life in the mountains.
B．his experiments on the plants and wild life in the mountains.
C．his past experiments on how human beings obtain their knowledge.
D．his working experience at his Center.
