问题 问答题 简答题

简述外汇储备增加对一国宏观经济稳定的影响。

答案

参考答案:

外汇储备增加会加剧一个国家的通货膨胀,企业或个人赚取外汇后,为了在国内消费或投资,大多会兑换为本币,这样就造成市场上本币流通量的增加,物价随之上升,造成通货膨胀。在实行浮动汇率制的国家,由于本币需求增大,会导致本币升值,从而加大出口和外来投资的成本,进而使国际收支趋于平衡;在实行固定汇率制的国家,政府一般会采取提高利率的手段来抑制通货膨胀,这样同时也会抑制消费和投资,使经济发展速度减缓。

单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

8()

A.Directly

B.Hardly

C.Specifically

D.Initially

单项选择题