问题 选择题

(15分)在实验室中某实验小组同学关于硫酸铜的制取和应用,设计了以下实验:

(1)铜与浓硫酸反应,实验装置如图所示。

            

①装置A中发生反应的化学方程式为              

②上图装置中导管B的作用你认为可能是(写出一种)                  

(2)为符合绿色化学的要求,某同学进行如下设计:将铜粉在                  (填仪器名称)中反复灼烧,使铜与空气充分反应生成氧化铜,再将氧化铜与稀硫酸反应,反应后溶液经过                        、过滤、洗涤、干燥,即可得到产品CuSO4·5H2O晶体,干燥需要控制温度小于100℃,若温度过高,则会导致              

(3)将空气或氧气直接通入到铜粉与稀硫酸的混合物中,发现在常温下几乎不反应。向反应液中加少量:FeSO4作催化剂,即发生反应,生成硫酸铜。其反应过程的第2步是:2Fe3++Cu=2Fe2++Cu2+,请写出其第l步反应的离子方程式                  

(4)制取的CuSO4溶液和“另一物质”在40-50℃混合时生成了一种难溶物质氢化亚铜(CuH)。将CuH溶解在稀盐酸中时生成了一种气体,这种气体是                  ,经收集测定生成的该气体为标况下11.2 L,则被还原的离子得电子的物质的量是                  (已知Cu+在酸性条件下发生反应2Cu+=Cu2++Cu)。

答案

(1)①2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O   (2分)

②安全管;平衡气压;防倒吸;若连C的导气管堵塞时防止装置爆炸;拆除装置前,从B管口向A中鼓气使SO2被全部吸收。(写出一种即得分)     (2分)

(2)坩埚 蒸发浓缩(加热蒸发) 冷却结晶 CuSO4·5H2O失去部分结晶水(各1分,共4分)

(3)4Fe2++O2+4H+=4Fe3++2H2O (2分)

(4)H2 (2分) 0.75 mol (3分)

本题考查硫酸铜的制取及硫酸铜的性质。(1)①铜与热的浓硫酸反应生成硫酸铜、二氧化硫和水,方程式为2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O②由于导管B与外界相通,故在试管中压强过大时,可做安全管;平衡气压;防倒吸;若连C的导气管堵塞时防止装置爆炸;拆除装置前,从B管口向A中鼓气使SO2被全部吸收。(2)灼烧物质一般在坩埚中进行,将铜粉全部转化为CuO, 再将氧化铜与稀硫酸反应,生成硫酸铜和水,不会产生二氧化硫,再将溶液经过蒸发浓缩,冷却结晶可得到CuSO4·5H2O晶体。干燥需要控制温度小于100℃,若温度过高,则会导致CuSO4·5H2O失去部分结晶水。(3)从第二步反应有Fe3+参加反应可知,第一步反应应该是Fe2+被氧化,O2被还原,则反应的离子方程式为4Fe2++O2+4H+=4Fe3++2H2O(4)CuH中的氢为-1价,与盐酸(HCl)中氢为+1价,反应时生成H2,反应方程式为2CuH+2HCl=2CuCl2+2H2+Cu,则2H2~3e-,故收集标况下的H211.2 L,转移的电子数目为0.5mol×3/2=0.75mol。

完形填空
完形填空。
     Peter and Paul had a permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm. But, being
adventurous boys, they know it would be more   1   to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river.
Excitedly, the boys   2   with their tent and food.
     Carrying their heavy   3  , the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance
or the sun beating down. They were eager to reach their   4   before lunchtime. As they entered the cool,
shadowy woods, they began to search for a suitable camping spot. Peter wanted to   5   close to the river
at the edge of the woods,   6   Paul, who was older, insisted that they camp further away.   7   Peter
followed his brother deeper into the   8  . "This really is a wonderful setting!" said Paul in excitement.
They   9   the tent, and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made, then decided to find their way
  10  to the river to catch some fish.
     "Are you sure that this is the right  11 ?" whispered Peter shakily. "I'm sure we passed that hollow tree
just a while ago." Paul walked  12  silently. "Look, there it is again. We're lost, aren't we?" complained Peter.
Paul had to admit that he didn't know where they were.  13 , they were a long distance from where they
were  14  to be. They were not even  15  of where they had set up their camp. They set in  16  for a few
minutes until Peter had a bright idea. "Why don't we look for clues (线索) the way trackers  17  in the
movies? We weren't careful about how we walked, so I'm sure we would have left  18  some broken tree
branches and leaves."
     Carefully, the boys  19  the marks that they had left until finally they found their campsite. Hurriedly,
they packed their belongings and set off  20  the direction of the river.
     What would their parents think of their adventure?
( )1. A. surprising  
( )2. A. went round  
( )3. A. load        
( )4. A. grassland    
( )5. A. live        
( )6. A. but          
( )7. A. Unconsciously 
( )8. A. woods        
( )9. A. put off      
( )10. A. forward      
( )11. A. place        
( )12. A. alone        
( )13. A. After all    
( )14. A. discovered   
( )15. A. afraid      
( )16. A. enjoyment    
( )17. A. appear      
( )18. A. behind      
( )19. A. fetched      
( )20. A. for          
B. exciting    
B. went back    
B. torn        
B. destination  
B. lie          
B. and          
B. Unfortunately
B. farm        
B. put on      
B. near        
B. mark        
B. about        
B. At last      
B. encouraged  
B. sure        
B. satisfaction        
B. do          
B. out          
B. watched      
B. to          
C. annoying    
C. went away       
C. food        
C. field          
C. wait          
C. or            
C. Unwillingly     
C. setting       
C. put down     
C. back         
C. way          
C. in            
C. Above all      
C. persuaded      
C. informed      
C. disappointment    
C. work          
C. aside          
C. followed       
C. at        
D. frightening    
D. went though           
D. storage        
D. river               
D. stay              
D. so               
D. Uninterestingly                   
D. camp                
D. put up            
D. further         
D. time              
D. on               
D. At first           
D. supposed            
D. reminded         
D. imagination       
D. behave           
D. amount              
D. collected           
D. in           
单项选择题