问题 选择题

如图为演示自感现象的实验电路,线圈L的自感系数比较大,其直流电阻与R的阻值相同,A1和A2是两个相同的小灯泡,下列判断正确的是(  )

A.接通开关S,灯A1、A2立即正常发光

B.断开开关S,灯A1、A2同时熄灭

C.接通开关S,灯A1逐渐亮起来

D.断开开关S,灯A2先闪亮后再熄灭

答案

A、C由题,闭合开关S达到稳定后两灯均可以正常发光,说明L与R的直流电阻相等.电阻R不产生自感现象,灯A2立即正常发光.而电感L电流增大,产生自感电动势,根据楞次定律得知,自感电动势阻碍电流的增大,使得电路中电流只能逐渐增大,所以闭合开关的瞬间,通过A1灯的电流小于通过A2灯的电流,A1灯逐渐变亮,即A2灯先亮,A1灯后亮.故AB错误.

B、D闭合开关,待电路稳定后断开开关,通过A2灯原来的电流立即消失,电感线圈L产生自感电动势,相当于电源,两灯串联,自感电流流过两灯,两灯同时熄灭.故B正确,D错误.

故选BC

单项选择题

Questions 16-20At first glance, why anyone would want to save California condors is not entirely clear. Unlike the closely related Andean condors with their white neck fluff or king vultures with their brilliant black-and-white colour, California condors are not much to see. Their dull black colour-even when contrasted with white underwings-featherless head and neck, oversized feet and blunt talons are hardly signs of beauty or strength. Their appeal begins to become evident when they take flights. California condors can soar almost effortlessly for hours, often covering hundreds of miles a day-far more than other creatures of the air. Only occasionally do they need to flap their wings-to take off, change direction or find a band of warm air known as thermal to carry them higher.When it was discovered that the condor population was becoming dangerously small, scientists and zookeepers sought to increase condor numbers quickly to preserve as much of the species’ genetic diversity as possible. From studying wild condors, they already knew that if a pair lost an egg, the birds would often produce another. So the first and sometimes second eggs laid by each female in captivity were removed, artificially incubated, and the chicks raised using hand-held puppets made to look like adult condors. Such techniques quickly proved effective.Despite these successes, the effort to save California condors continues to have problems, evoke criticisms and generate controversy. Captive-hatched condors released to the wild have died at what to some people are alarmingly high rates. Others have had to be recaptured after they acted foolishly or became ill. As a result, the scientists, zookeepers and conservationists who are concerned about condors have bickered among themselves over the best ways to rear and release the birds.Some of the odd behavior on the part of these re-released birds is hard to explain. At times they landed on people’s houses and garages, walked across roads and airport runways, sauntered into park visitor centers and fast food restaurants, and took food offered by picnickers and fishermen. None are known to have died by doing so, though. Most recently, some of the first chicks hatched in the wild died after their parents fed them bottle caps, glass shards, pieces of plastic and other man-made objects that fatally perforated or blocked their intestines. These deaths may be due to the chicks’ parents mistaking man-made objects for bone chips eaten for their calcium content.Mike Wallace, a wildlife specialist at the San Diego Zoo, has suggested that some of the condors’ problems represent natural behavior that helps them survive as carrion eaters. The real key to successful condor reintroduction, he believes, lies in properly socializing young condors as members of a group that follow and learn from older, preferably adult birds. That, he argues, was missing from earlier condor releases to the wild. Typically, condors hatched in the spring were released to the wild that autumn or winter, when they were still less than a year old. Now, condor chicks at several zoos are raised in cave-like nest boxes. The chicks can see older condors in a large flight pen outside their box but cannot interact with them until they are about five months old. Then the chicks are gradually released into the pen and the company of the social group. The group includes adult and older juvenile condors that act as mentors for younger ones.

According to the passage, the most impressive feature of the California condor is _______.

A.its resemblance to Andean condor

B.its ability to glide

C.its colorful plumage

D.its blunt talons

填空题