药物吸收不受首过效应的影响的用药是（） A.哌替啶 B.美托洛尔_爱下问搜题

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问题单项选择题 A1/A2型题

药物吸收不受首过效应的影响的用药是（）

A.哌替啶

B.美托洛尔

C.氢氯噻嗪

D.利多卡因

E.硝酸甘油（舌下给药）

答案

参考答案：E

解析：首过效应（首过消除）指口服药物在胃肠道吸收后，首先进入肝门静脉系统，某些药物在通过肠黏膜及肝时，部分可被代谢灭活而使进入体循环的药量减少，药效降低。除口服外，有些药物还可经舌下给药或直肠给药，分别通过口腔、直肠和结肠的黏膜吸收，可避免首先通过肝代谢。

选择题

关于反射现象，下列说法中正确的是（　　）

A．光的反射定律只适用于镜面反射

B．光在粗糙的平面反射时，不遵守反射定律

C．光的反射定律适用于所有的反射现象

D．镜面反射遵守反射定律，漫反射不遵守反射定律

完形填空

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的（A、B、C和D）四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My   36  took me by train or by car to a hotel by the   37 . All day, I seem to remember, I   38  on the sands with strange   39  children. We made houses and gardens, and   40  the tide destroy them. When the tide went out, we   41  over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.
In those days the   42  seemed to shine always brightly   43  the water was always warm. Sometimes we 44  beach and walked in the country, exploring(搜寻) ruined houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were   45  in one’s pockets or good places where one could   46  ice creams. Each day seemed a life-time.
Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good   47  is much the same as it was. I   48  like the sun and warm sand and the sound of   49  beating the rocks. I no longer wish to   50  any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets.   51 , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.
Sometimes I   52  what my ideal(理想的) holiday will be like when I am   53 . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about   54  who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make themselves   55  on too many ices creams.

D．younger sister