问题 计算题

钢铁制品经常进行烤蓝处理,即在铁制品的表面生成一层致密的Fe3O4。某学习小组为了研究烤蓝铁片,分别进行了以下实验操作:

①把一定量烤蓝铁片加工成均匀粉末。

②取m g该粉末,放人28.00 mL 1 mol/L的盐酸中,恰好完全反应,生成标准状况下的气体134.4 mL,向溶液中滴入KSCN溶液,无明显现象。

③再取三份不同质量的粉末,分加加到相同体积(V)、物质的量浓度均为l0.00 mol/L的三份硝酸溶液中,充分反应后,固体全部溶解,有关的实验数据如下表所示(假设NO是硝酸的唯一还原产物):

实验序号
加入粉末质量/g13.6827.3634.20
生成气体的体积(标准状况)/L2.9125.8246.720
 

完成下列各题:

(1)实验②所得溶液中的溶质是       (写化学式),样品中n(Fe)∶n(Fe3O4)=             ,m=                     

(2)计算实验③中每份硝酸溶液的体积(V)(mL)。

(3)若向实验Ⅱ所得溶液中继续加入铜粉,要使溶液中Cu2、Fe2+、Fe3+同时存在,求加入铜粉的物质的量的范围。

答案

(1)FeCl2,4∶1 , 0.912 g

(2)180 mL

(3)0.105mol<n(Cu)<0.315mol

题目分析:(1)由于向溶液中滴入KSCN溶液,无明显现象可知反应后生成的物质为FeCl2,由于放人盐酸的量为28.00 mL× 1 mol/L=0.028mol,故产生FeCl2的物质的量为0.028/2=0.014mol。其中单质铁分别于盐酸、Fe3O4二者发生反应,①由生成标准状况下的气体134.4 mL,根据电荷守恒可知,混合物中与盐酸发生产生气体的单质铁为0.006mol,②Fe3O4与Fe、HCl共同反应,在该反应中铁元素总量为:0.014mol-0.006mol=0.008mol,且该反应方程式为Fe3O4+8HCl+Fe=4FeCl2+4H2O,通过该反应方程式可知Fe3O4为0.002mol,发生该反应的单质铁为0.002mol。故总的Fe物质的量为0.008mol,Fe3O4为0.002mol。故比例为4∶1。质量为0.002mol×232g/mol +0.008mol×56g/mol =0.912g。

(2)根据三个实验,通过投入粉末质量与产生气体的体积比例关系可知,Ⅰ、Ⅱ为硝酸过量,Ⅲ为粉末过量。可通过实验Ⅲ计算出硝酸的体积。由于假设NO是硝酸的唯一还原产物,且产生的气体的物质的量为6.720L/22.4L·mol-1=0.3mol。则N元素得到电子数为0.3mol×3=0.9mol。由于Ⅲ中混合物质量为34.2g,且n(Fe)∶n(Fe3O4)=4:1,则Fe为0.3mol,Fe3O4为0.075mol,由于氮元素得到电子数共为0.9mol,故溶液中为Fe(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3两种溶质,计算可知Fe(NO3)2为0.075mol,Fe(NO3)3为0.45mol。故溶液中硝酸根含量为0.075mol×2+0.45mol×3=1.5mol。则该反应中N元素总物质的量为1.5mol+0.3mol=1.8mol。故硝酸的体积为180ml。

(3)27.36g 粉末,根据n(Fe)∶n(Fe3O4)=4:1可知含铁元素0.42mol,由于硝酸过量,产物为硝酸铁,故II反应需用硝酸1.52 mol(硝酸共1.8mol),故II溶液中有Fe3+ 0.42 mol,过量硝酸0.28mol,

3Cu ~ 8HNO3           Cu ~ 2Fe3+

3        8             1   2

nmin   0.28mol          n   0.42

nmin=0.105mol   n=0.21mol   nmax =0.21mol+0.105mol=0.315mol

单项选择题 案例分析题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Jane Austen, a famous English writer, was born at Steventon, Hampshire, on December 16, 1775, and died

on July 18, 1817. She began writing early in life, although the prejudices of her times forced her to have her

books published anonymously ( 匿名 ).

     But Jane Austen is perhaps the best known and best loved of Bath's many famous local people and visitors.

She paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century and from 1801 to 1806, Bath

was her home. Her deep knowledge of the city is fully seen in two of her novels, Northanger Abbey and

Persuasion, which are largely set in Bath. The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its

streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels. Now the pleasure

of learning Jane Austen's Bath can be enhanced (增强) by visiting the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street. Here,

in a Georgian town house in the heart of the city, you can find out more about Bath in Jane Austen's time and

the importance of Bath in her life and work.

     The Centre has been set up with the help and guidance of members of the Jane Austen Society. After your

visit to the Centre, you can look round the attractive shop, which offers a huge collection of Jane Austen

related books, cards and many specially designed gifts. Jane Austen quizzes are offered to keep the children

busy.

     You can also have walking tours of Jane Austen's Bath, which is a great way to find out more about Jane

Austen and discover the wonderful Georgian city of Bath. The tour lasts about one and a half hours. The

experienced guides will take you to the places where Jane lived, walked and shopped.

1. Jane Austen paid two long visits to Bath ______.

A. in her early twenties

B. in her early teens

C. in her late twenties

D. in her late teens

2. What can we learn about Bath from the passage?

A. Bath has greatly changed since Jane Austen's death.

B. The city has changed as much as Jane Austen knew it.

C. Bath remains almost the same as in Jane Austen's time.

D. No changes have taken place in Bath since Jane Austen's time.

3.The author writes this passage in order to ______.

A. attract readers to visit the city of Bath

B. ask readers to buy Austen's books

C. tell readers about Jane Austen's experience

D. give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society

4. It takes you about one and a half hours ______.

A. to get to the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street

B. to buy Jane Austen related books, cards and gifts

C. to find a guide to take you to the Centre

D. to look around the city of Bath on foot