问题 名词解释

八分

答案

参考答案:即“隶书”。

魏晋至唐代,楷书也称隶书,原先有波磔的隶书,则被称为“八分。”南朝宋朝王愔称,“次仲始以古书方广少波势,建初中以隶草作楷法,字方八分,言有楷模。”《唐六典》称:“四曰八分,谓《石经》碑碣所用。”清代刘熙载谓:“小篆,秦篆也;八分,汉隶也。秦无小篆之名,汉无八分之名,名之者皆后人也。后人以籀篆为大,故小秦篆,以正书为隶,故八分汉隶耳。”

清代包世臣《艺舟双楫》载:“蔡邕变隶而为八分,八宜训背,言势左右分布相背也。”康有为《广艺舟双楫》称:八分以度言,本是活称,伸缩无施不可。”近有学者考证:因隶字草创为新隶书(楷书),对于旧隶字须给予异名或升格,加以区别,故称“八分”,指其是八成的古体或雅体。

阅读理解

Once there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it every day. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.

Time went by — the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day. One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I’m no longer a kid. I wouldn’t play around the tree any more.” the boy replied. “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, I don’t have money. But you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” The boy picked all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples.

One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited, “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help?” “Sorry, I don’t have a house. But you can cut off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.

One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was pleased. “Come and play with me!” the tree said. “I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat. You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.

Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you any more. The only thing left is my dying root,” the tree said with tears ①

“Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and rest. Come and sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears ② ……

小题1:Why did the boy pick all the apples on the tree? Because __________.

A.he wanted to eat them

B.he needed money to buy toys

C.he liked the tree without apples

D.he wanted to share them with friends.小题2:When did the boy come back to the apple tree? He came back _________.

A.whenever he was happy

B.if he missed the apple tree

C.when he was in times of difficulty

D.as soon as he was free小题3:What did the boy want at last? He wanted ___________.

A.to have a house to live in

B.nothing except a place to rest

C.the root of the apple tree

D.anything that the apple tree had小题4:What can we learn from the story? We should _________.

A.plant more apple trees

B.learn from the boy

C.always stay at home

D.be thankful to our parents小题5:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A.The phrase “with tears ①” means that the apple tree was sad because the boy asked for too much.

B.The phrase “with tears ②” means that the apple tree was still happy because she could help the boy for the last time.

C.Each time the boy asked the apple tree for help, the tree tried her best to satisfy him.

D.After reading the passage, we can easily think of the old Chinese saying “Parents’ love is universal!”

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