问题 单项选择题

低钾性碱中毒可能出现于下列哪种情况

A.尿毒症
B.胃手术后
C.术后少尿
D.严重创伤
E.大量输血

答案

参考答案:B

解析:低钾性碱中毒最常见的原因是酸性胃液丧失过多。如胃手术后需持续胃肠减压至胃肠功能恢复,胃液丢失使大量的H+失去,肠液中的HCO3ˉ便不能被来自胃液的盐酸所中和,HCO3ˉ被重吸收,使血中HCO3ˉ增高。胃液丧失的同时也失去了钠、氯和细胞外液.而使HCO3ˉ肾小管内的再吸收增加。在代偿钠、氯和水丧失的过程中,K+和Na+的交换及H+和Na+的交换增加,使H+和K+丧失过多,而引起低钾性碱中毒。

选择题
阅读理解

Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick and light golden in color, the Lay's potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global control. But its maker, Frito-Lay doesn't think so. "Potato chips are a snack food for the world , "said Salman Amin, the company's head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the attractions of a Frito-Lay potato chip.

Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by Pepsico and accounts for over half of the parent company's $ 3 billion profits every year. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated(饱和),and to grow, the company has to look overseas.

Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale(规模) with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. "Global" does not mean products that are consciously regarded as American, but ones that consumers--especially young people--see as part of a modern, innovative(创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for example, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.

With brand concept a key factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识). The logo, along with the company's long-held marketing image of its chips, would help make the company's global development very easy.

The managers admit that they try to change national eating habits to a food created in America, but they don't think that means economic imperialism (霸主).  "We're making products in those countries, we're adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives , "said Steve Reinemund, Pepsico's chief manager.

小题1:Amin's belief is that _________.

A.people all over the world enjoy eating their potato chips

B.the light golden color increases the attraction of their potato chips

C.they must find new ways to promote sales in their country

D.potato chips can hardly control the world market小题2:What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?

A.It gives half of its profits to its parent company every year.

B.It needs to turn to the world market for development.

C.Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers.

D.Its development has caused fierce competition in the snack market.小题3:One of the concepts on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that __________.

A.consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands

B.products suiting Chinese consumers' needs bring more profits

C.local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands

D.products identified as American will have promising market value小题4:Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?

A.To suit changing tastes of young consumers.

B.To compete with other American chip producers.

C.To change the company's long-held marketing image.

D.To promote the company's strategy of globalization.