问题 阅读理解与欣赏

[甲]

既加冠,益慕圣贤之道,又患无硕师名人与游,尝趋百里外,从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。

[乙]人之为学,不日进则日退。独学无友,则孤陋①而难成。久处一方,则习染而不自觉。不幸而在穷僻之域,无车马之资②,犹当博学审③问,以求其是非之所在,庶几⑤可得十之五六。若既不出户,又不读书,则是面墙之士,虽有子羔、原宪⑥之贤,终无济于天下。子曰:“十室之邑,必有忠信如丘者焉,不如丘之好学也。”夫以孔子之圣,犹须好学,今人可不勉⑥乎?

(节选自顾炎武《与友人书》)

[注解]①[孤陋]片面、浅陋。②[资]盘缠。③[审]详细。④[庶几]差不多。⑤[子羔、原宪]孔子的弟子。⑥ [勉]勤勉,努力。

小题1:解释下列划线的词。(4分)

A.遇其叱咄

B.不幸而在穷僻之

C.又患无师名人与游

D.若既不出小题2:将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。 (4分)

(1)尝趋百里外,从乡之先达执经叩问

(2)人之为学,不日进则日退。

小题3:甲乙两段文字所谈的都是为学之道,这两段文字所说的道理,其共同之处有哪些?不同之处有哪些? (4分)

答案

小题1:A有时     B地方区域等     C大       D门

小题1:(1)曾经跑到百里之外,追随本乡德高望重、学识渊博的长者,拿着经书向他讨教。(2)一个人做学问,如果不是每天(或一天天地)进步,那就会每天退步。

小题1:共同之处:①要勤勉好学,②做学问要与人研讨交流(有能在一起研讨交流的志同道合者)不同之处:甲文①从为学之难的角度说勤勉,②也谈了尊师之道;乙文①谈“为学”不进则退的道理,②要认真钻研独立思考,③要出门学习生活(或开阔眼界)(不同点各讲出一点即可得满分)

小题1:学生对文言文中重点词语的释义掌握要具体、精确,更要培养课内向课外迁移的能力,达到学以致用,能准确地理解课外文言文的重点字词。

小题1:文言翻译要求意思正确、句意完整、语句通顺。注意对句子中关键词的理解和重点句式的调整。如:“趋、先达、为、日”等词语要重点理解。

小题1:学生通过感知文本内容,继而理解文本的中心主题以及作者所要抒发的感情。选文都表达一种求学主题,回答时意思表述正确,做到比较合理能即可。

解答题
单项选择题

Passage Four

It’s so difficult to follow the ups and downs of a 2-year-old.One moment he’s beaming and friendly; the next he’s sullen (愠怒的) and weepy, often for no apparent reason. These mood swings, however, are just part of growing up. They are signs of the emotional changes taking place as your child struggles to take control of actions, impulses, feelings and his body.
At this age, your child wants to explore the world and seek adventure. As a result, he’ll spend most of his time testing limits, his own, yours and his environment’s. Unfortunately, he still lacks many of the skills required for the safe accomplishment of everything he needs to do, and he often will need you to protect him.
When he oversteps a limit and is pulled back, he often reacts with anger and frustration, possibly with a temper tantrum (发脾气) or sullen rage. He may even strike back by hitting, biting or kicking. At this age, he doesn’t have much control over his emotional impulses, so his anger and frustration tend to erupt suddenly in the form of crying, hitting or screaming. It’s his only way of dealing with the difficult realities of life. He may even act out in ways that unintentionally harm himself or others. It’s all part of being 2.
It’s not uncommon for toddlers to be angels when you’re not around, because they don’t trust other people enough to test their limits. But with you, your toddler will be willing to try things that may be dangerous or difficult, because he knows you’ll rescue him if he gets into trouble.
Whatever protest pattern he has developed around the end of his first year will probably persist for some time. For instance, when you’re about to leave him with a sitter, he may become angry and throw a tantrum in anticipation of the separation. Or he may whimper, or whine and cling to you. or he could simply become subdued and silent. Whatever his behavior, try not to overreact by scolding or punishing him. The best tactic is to reassure him before you leave that you will be back and, when you return, to praise him for being so patient while you were gone. Take solace in the fact that separations should be much easier by the time he’s 3 years old.

When a mother is about to separate with her baby, she’d better______.

A.leave without the baby’s knowledge

B.make the baby subdued and silent

C.comfort the baby that she’ll be back soon

D.ignore the baby’s reactions