问题 实验题

某矿样含有大量的CuS及少量其它不溶于酸的杂质。实验室中以该矿样为原料制备CuCl2·2H2O晶体,流程如下:

(1)在实验室中,欲用37%(密度为1.19 g·mL-1)的盐酸配制500 mL 6 mol·L-1的盐酸,需要的仪器除量筒、烧杯、玻璃棒外,还有             。

(2)①若在实验室中完成系列操作a。则下列实验操作中,不需要的是   (填下列各项中序号)。

②CuCl2溶液中存在如下平衡:Cu(H2O)42+(蓝色)+4Cl-CuCl42-(黄色)+4H2O。

欲用实验证明滤液A(绿色)中存在上述平衡,除滤液A外,下列试剂中,还需要的是      (填下列各项中序号)。

a.FeCl3固体        b.CuCl2固体       c.蒸馏水

(3)某化学小组欲在实验室中研究CuS焙烧的反应过程,查阅资料得知在空气条件下焙烧CuS时,固体质量变化曲线及SO2生成曲线如下图所示。

①CuS矿样在焙烧过程中,有Cu2S、CuO·CuSO4、CuSO4、CuO生成,转化顺序为:

第①步转化主要在200~300oC范围内进行,该步转化的化学方程式为                                                               

②300~400oC范围内,固体质量明显增加的原因是           ,上图所示过程中,CuSO4固体能稳定存在的阶段是   (填下列各项中序号)。

a.一阶段    b、二阶段    c、三阶段  d、四阶段

③该化学小组设计如下装置模拟CuS矿样在氧气中焙烧第四阶段的过程,并验证所得气体为SO2和O2的混合物。

a.装置组装完成后,应立即进行的一项操作是                。

b.当D装置中产生白色沉淀时,便能说明第四阶段所得气体为SO2和O2的混合物。你认为装置D中原来盛有的溶液为       溶液。

c.若原CuS矿样的质量为l0.0 g,在实验过程中,保持温度在760oC左右持续加热,待矿样充分反应后,石英玻璃管内所得固体的质量为8.0 g,则原矿样中CuS的质量分数为      

答案

(1)(4分)胶头滴管(2分)  500mL容量瓶(2分)

(2)(4分)①cd(2分)②c(2分)

(3)(12分)①2CuS+O2=Cu2S+SO2(2分)②Cu2S转化为CuSO4(2分)  c(2分)

③a.检验装置的气密性(2分) b.氯化钡(BaCl2)(2分) c.96%(2分)

题目分析:(1)由浓盐酸配制稀盐酸,需要的仪器除量筒、烧杯、玻璃棒外,还需要:胶头滴管、500mL容量瓶。

(2)①由CuCl2溶液制取CuCl2•2H2O,需要进行蒸发浓缩、降温结晶,然后过滤可得CuCl2•2H2O晶体,所以不需要c、d操作。

②FeCl3溶液为黄色,CuCl2溶液为蓝色,对原平衡体系溶液的颜色产生干扰,而加入蒸馏水可使平衡向逆反应方向移动,溶液的颜色发生改变,可证明滤液A(绿色)中存在上述平衡,故c项正确。

(3)①根据流程图CuS与O2反应生成Cu2S,还应生成SO2,化学方程式为:2CuS+O2=Cu2S+SO2

②第②步转化,由Cu2S转化为CuO•CuSO4,所以300~400oC范围内,固体质量明显增加的原因是Cu2S转化为CuSO4;第二阶段生成了CuSO4,第四阶段固体质量减小,CuSO4发生了分解反应,所以CuSO4固体能稳定存在的阶段是第三阶段。

③a.实验装置组装完后应首先检验装置的气密性;b. SO2与BaCl2不反应,SO2、O2与BaCl2溶液反应可以生成BaSO4沉淀,所以装置D中原来盛有的溶液为BaCl2溶液;c. 矿样充分反应后,石英玻璃管内所得固体CuO,根据Cu元素质量守恒,可知CuS ~ CuO ,所以CuS的质量为8g÷80g/mol×96g/mol=9.6g,则原矿样中CuS的质量分数为:9.6g÷10.0g×100%=96%

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburge. An injured

man was brought in, and the doctor turned to one of his students and asked him, "What's wrong with this

man?"

     "I don't know, sir," the student answered. "Shall I examine him and find out?"

     "There's no need to examine him," said the doctor."You should know without asking questions. He has

hurt his right knee. Didn't you notice the way he walked? He hurt it by burning it in the fire. You see his

trousers leg is burnt away at the knee. This is Monday morning. Yesterday was fine, but on Saturday the

roads were wet and muddy. The man's trousers are muddy all over. The man fell down on Saturday night."

     The doctor then turned to the man and said, "You had your pay on Saturday and went to a public house

and drank too much. You got muddy and wet on the way home. Because you had drunk too much, you fell

on the fire and burnt your knee. Is that right?

      "Yes, sir," said the man.

1. The medical students were having a lesson ______.

A. at the library

B. in a classroom

C. at a well-known hospital

D. in a medical school

2. The man hurt his knee ______.

A. on Monday

B. on Sunday night

C. on Saturday night

D. yesterday

3. How did the doctor know that the man burnt his knee?

A. From the way he walked.

B. By seeing his trousers leg is burnt away at the knee.

C. By seeing the man's trousers are muddy all over.

D. Both A and B

4. Which is the right order according to the passage?

① He burnt his knee.

② He got drunk.

③ He fell down and got muddy.

④ He had his pay.

A. ①②③④

B. ④③②①

C. ③④①②

D. ④②③①

5. From the passage we know that _____ is very important for medical students.

A. watching and thinking

B. taking good care of others

C. learning from others

D. teaching

选择题