问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面选文,回答问题。(5分)

滕子京负大才,为众所嫉,自谪巴陵,愤郁颇见辞色。范文正与之同年,友善,爱其才,恐后贻祸。然滕豪迈自负,罕受人言,正患无隙以规之。子京忽以书抵文正,求《岳阳楼记》。故《记》中云:“不以物喜,不以己悲”“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”,其意盖在谏故人耳。

(摘自《过庭录》)

注释: ①谪:贬官。②范文正:即范仲淹,字希文,谥号文正,北宋政治家、文学家。其代表作是《岳阳楼记》。③同年:指同一年考中进士。④贻:遗留。⑤隙:时机。

小题1:解释下列句中划线词语在文中的意思。(1分)

受人言(          )        ②其意盖在故人耳(          )

小题2:范仲淹与滕子京为同年进士,在滕子京“愤郁”之时,范仲淹有何反应。请用自己的语言加以概括。(2分)

小题3:范仲淹和他的《岳阳楼记》,以及文中那些光照千秋的经典名句已成为后代贤者志士的崇高追求和人生准则。从短文中你能看出范仲淹是怎样一个人?(2分)

答案

小题1:①少    ②规劝     (共1分,每小题0.5分)

小题1:范仲淹爱惜滕子京的才华,担心他长期的悲愤抑郁会留下祸患,影响他未来发展。(共2分)

小题1:善良宽厚,爱才惜才,关心友人,忧国忧民。(共2分,言之成理即可)

小题1:题目分析:学生联系语境理解“罕”与“人烟罕至”中“罕”相同,都是“少”的意思;“谏”在这里是动词,规劝的意思。

点评:识记和理解文言实词的含义是文言文阅读考查的重点之一。具体要求有准确理解实词的常用义;辨别通假字及其本字,并解释其意思;正确理解一词多义在具体语言环境中的含义;准确理解古今异义词的古义等。当然理解常见文言实词要做到“词不离句,句不离文”能用已学过的文言词语的意思,联系上下文进行理解。

小题1:题目分析:从文中“爱其才,恐后贻祸。然滕豪迈自负,罕受人言,正患无隙以规之。”了解范仲淹爱惜滕子京的才华,担心他长期的悲愤抑郁会留下祸患,影响他未来发展。

点评:从近五年中考本类试题的形式上看,这五年的题目均为填空简答题。五年中有三年的题目后面带有答题要求。答题要求分为两种,即,要求答案用文中的话表述,或答案用自己的话表述。因此,回答这一题的关键首先在于对语段的整体理解。即,读懂故事。然后,要先审题干,再找内容。这类题目的答案基本都能在原文中找到,但找答案不是盲目的,要看看题目问的是哪方面的内容,然后再有的放矢地去找。如果内容理解用自己的话表述,那学生就应学会根据文本内容进行总结和归纳。

小题1:题目分析:从文中“爱其才,恐后贻祸。”看出善良宽厚,爱才惜才,关心友人;从“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”看出忧国忧民。

点评:学生通过感知文本内容,继而理解文本的中心主题以及和人物的思想性格特征。可以从原文中直接摘取对人物的评价性词语;也可以结合文章中描写的重点,自己概括总结;还可以遵循“找原文——细分析——得结论”思维的过程。学生学会结合文本内容来进行具体分析能从原文中找出依据。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don't know. If you are sitting

at a table with people you don't know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will

disturb them.

     At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You

may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.

     Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing times for stores or restaurants,

though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.

     Servings in restaurants are often large, too large for many people. If you can't finish your meal but

would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a "doggie bag". It may have a picture

of a dog on it, but everybody knows you're taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both

words for the evening meal. Some people have "Sunday dinner". This is an especially big noon meal.

     Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip

of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants,

a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you

your change.

1.Which statement is TRUE?

A. American people like sitting with people they don't know.

B. Americans prefer smoking to tap water at the restaurants.

C. Bread and butter and coffee are free at American restaurants.

D. American people usually will not smoke unless they ask for permission.

2.What are the opening and closing times for stores and restaurants in the US?  

A. There are no rules for stores and restaurants.    

B. You can enter a bar at any time in the US.    

C. Stores may be o pen around the clock in large cities.    

D. Restaurants may be open 24 hours a day in every city.

3.What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?

A. They leave the food on the table and go away.

B. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food.

C. They take the food home with a "doggie bag" for their dogs.

D. They take the food home with a "doggie bag" and enjoy the food later.

4.What can you learn about "tips" according to the passage?

A. Customers often add tips to their check.   

B. Tips are left on the table when customers leave. 

C. People are not expected to pay tips in addition.      

D. The price of the meal usually includes the tip.

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