问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《出师表》选段(12分)

臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。

先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除 * * 凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、、允之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责攸之、祎、允等之慢,以彰其咎;陛下亦宜自谋,以咨诹善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。

今当远离,临表涕零,不知所言。

小题1:写出划线字在文中的意思。(4分)

①臣本布衣(   )②由是感激(   )③深入不(   )④夙夜忧叹(   )

小题2:翻译句子。(4分)

①遂许先帝以驱驰。

②今当远离,临表涕零,不知所言。

小题3:“此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也”一句中的“此”指哪两件事?(2分)

小题4:读了此文,你认为诸葛亮最可贵的精神是什么?

答案

小题1:①平民,百姓  ②感动振奋  ③草木  ④早晚

小题1:①就答应为先帝奔走效劳。

②如今正当离朝远征,流着泪写了这篇表文,激动得不知该说些什么话。

小题1:(1)五月渡泸,平定南方,(2)北定中原,兴复汉室。

小题1:围绕“忠心;诚信;责任感、使命感;知恩图报”等来回答即可。(概括诸葛亮精神1分,围绕“忠心;诚信;责任感、使命感;知恩图报”等中的任意一个角度来谈自己受到的启示得1分)

小题1:题目分析:(1)布衣,古义,平民;今义,布织的衣服。(2)感激,古义,情绪有所感而情绪激动;今义,感谢。(3)名词活用为动词,长草木。(2)根据语境,意思为“早晚”。

点评:文言实词的考查,最常见的命题形式是,指定文中若干个词让学生作解释。要求解释的词,一般为常见实词,通假字、一词多义、古今异义、词类活用等,往往是命题的重点,当然也应该成为同学们备考的重点。

小题1:题目分析:翻译(1)时,注意“遂是于是的意思,许是答应的意思,以是用的意思,驱驰是奔走效劳的意思”,还要补充出主语“诸葛亮”;翻译(2)时,注意“临是面对的意思,涕是眼泪的意思“,还要注意”所字结构“。

点评:翻译文言语句是文言文阅读的必考题。文言翻译的标准是三个字:信、达、雅。对于学生而言,能达到前两个标准“信”(准确无误)和“达”(通顺流畅)就很不错了。因为中考要求文言翻译要直译,讲究字字落实,特别是对关键词语的理解、特殊句式的判断要求较高。

小题1:题目分析:刘备死前,把国家大事托付给诸葛亮,诸葛亮深感自己肩上的重任,所以,五月份,就度过泸水,深入到不长草木的地方,最终平定南方,接着为了实现刘备同意全国的遗愿,又想北上中原,收复失地,兴复汉室。

点评:概括文章的内容,先通读全文,了解大意,然后根据题意,锁定相关的段落,概括出相应的内容即可。

小题1:题目分析:诸葛亮原本是一个平民,但是刘备赏识他的才能,三顾草庐,诸葛亮为了报答刘备的知遇之恩,在败军的时候接受重任,在危难之际奉命出使;刘备驾崩之后,诸葛亮依然忠心耿耿辅佐刘禅,在出师北伐之前,临表涕零,给刘禅提出许多治国的良策。足见诸葛亮为人忠诚,有责任心,懂得报恩。给我们同学们也应该有许多启发,比如:知恩图报,有责任心,为人忠诚等。

点评:分析文章的人呢物形象,需在读懂文章的基础上,根据文章围绕这个人写的那几件事来分析这个人物的形象。分析人物形象,除了直接对该人物进行描写,还可以通过侧面描写来表现这个人物形象,直接描写与侧面描写相结合,这样的人物形象才会丰满。

单项选择题

When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the workday; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today’s workplace is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the paycheck is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ______.

A. provide a variety of projects for employees
B. help raise employees’ living standards
C. give employees specific instructions
D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions

单项选择题