问题 材料题

科技是第一生产力,近现代科技发展史记录了人类在认识改造自然过程中的智慧。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 我不知道世人对我是怎样看法,但是在我看来,我不过像一个在海滨玩耍的孩子,为时而发现一块比平常光滑的石子或美丽的贝壳而感到高兴;但真理的大海,我还没有发现。我所以有这样的成就,是因为我站在巨人们的肩膀上的缘故。——牛顿临终遗言(《必修三》人教版教材)

(1)结合所学知识说明牛顿发现了哪些“光滑的石子和美丽的贝壳”。

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材料二 生物母体生出的众多后代,为攫取生活用品的必需条件而斗争,众多的后代不会绝对相同,其中优秀的物种在生存竞争中取胜了,其他被淘汰了,这就是优胜劣汰。——摘自《物种起源》

(2)材料二是达尔文的什么学说?其核心是什么?

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材料三 “科学是一种强有力的工具,如何使用它,它是给人赐福还是给人降祸,取决于人本身,而不是取决于工具。刀子对人生活是有用的,但是它能够用来杀人。……我们的唯一希望在于,拒绝任何有助于战争准备或战争意图的行为。”——爱因斯坦

(3)据材料并结合所学知识指出爱因斯坦最大的贡献是什么?产生了什么影响?

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材料四 ……科学技术是生产力,这是马克思主义历来的观点。……同样数量的劳动力,在同样的劳动时间里,可以生产出比过去多几十倍几百倍的产品。社会生产力有这样巨大的发展,劳动生产率有这样大幅度的提高,靠的是什么,最主要的是靠科学的力量、技术的力量。——邓 * * 《在全国科学大会开幕式上的讲话》

(4)爱因斯坦和邓 * * 在论述科学作用时的侧重点分别是什么?两人在论述科学作用时的共同价值取向是什么?

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答案

(1)发现了万有引力定律和著名的物体运动三定律,构建了牛顿经典力学体系。

(2)生物进化论。其核心是自然选择,适者生存,优胜劣汰。

(3)相对论的提出;影响:打破了经典物理学的绝对化思维模式,为人们提供了辩证地看待世界的途径。

(4)爱因斯坦侧重于科学与战争的关系(或科学对战争的影响);邓 * * 侧重于科学与生产之间的关系。共同价值取向:科学应造福于人类的和平发展事业。

阅读理解

    What is your favourite colour? Ask famous persons like Cat Blanchett, Scarlett Johansson, and Bono

(singer for the band U2), and maybe they wil say “green”. That’s not because these artists particularly like

the color green. Instead, they are interested in green fashion.

    Green fashion is about making(and wearing)clothes that are good for humans, animals, and the Earth.

In the past, green fashion made people think of hippies(嬉皮士)and ugly clothes. But today, green fashion is different. It is about looking good and caring about the Earth and other people. You can have interesting clothes and be green.

   Around the world, green fashion is becoming popular. For example, the UK.company People Tree sells men's and women’s clothing and accessories(附件). They are made from natural fabrics(面料) like

cotton and wool. Workers who make the clothes are from countries like Nepal, Kenya, and Bangladesh. People Tree pays the men and women good money for the clothes they create.

    Singer Bono and his wife also started a clothing company called EDUN. When the clothes sell, EDUN uses most of the money to help people around the world.

1. Green fashion is abut________________.

A. wearing the colour green all the time    

B. making clothes from green trees

C. putting green things on the face        

D. wearing clothes that are good for the Earth

2. Today, green fashion is______________.

A. the same as it was in the past          

B. mostly popular with hippies

C. are stylish and interesting              

D. popular in the U.K only

3. Which sentence about green clothing companies is true?

A. Most use natural fabrics to make clothes.  

B. Many do not pay their workers well.

C. They make clothes mostly for women.    

D. Most of the companies are in Africa.

4. What does EDUN do?

A. It teaches children to make clothes.

B. It sells clothes and uses the money to help people.

C. It gives clothes to poor people.    

D. It makes expensive clothes for teenagers.

单项选择题