问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,并回答问题:

材料一 16世纪末来华的耶稣教士利玛窦在一封信中说:“中国人非常博学,医学、自然科学、数学、天文学十分精通。他们以不同于我们西方人的方法正确地计算日食、月食。”

材料二 由于历史的巧合,近代科学在欧洲崛起与耶稣会传教团在中国的活动大体同时,因而近代科学几乎马上与中国传统科学相接触。 

——李约瑟《中国科学技术史》

材料三 董仲舒是西汉一代最有影响的思想家,在当时就享有“群儒之首”的声誉,在中国文化史上,也占有重要的地位。……董仲舒学说的消极影响也是严重的……我们民族性格中的封闭自我,盲目自足,因循守旧,不思奋进等等劣根性,都与之直接相关。

——冯天瑜等著《中国文化史》

材料四 中国人在科学实验发明上的确非常伟大。问题是:它为什么没有继续上升到理论,构筑起其理论体系,或如西方那样,发展出现代科学。

——李约瑟《中国科学技术史》

请回答:

(1)结合材料一和所学知识,从医学、数学和天文学方面各举一例证明利玛窦的结论。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)结合材料二和所学知识,这代科学在欧洲崛起“的标志是什么?其主要条件有哪些?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(3)结合材料三和所学知识,董仲舒为什么能在中国文化史上占有重要地位?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

(4)结合材料三、四,从思想文化方面回答材料四中李约瑟先生的“问题”。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)医学:战国问世、西汉编定了《黄帝内经》;数学:最早发明了十进位记数法;天文学:《石氏星表》世界上最早的星表。

(2)标志:牛顿经典力学体系形成。条件:资本主义的产生与发展:启蒙运动进一步解放了人们的思想。

(3)他改造儒家思想,形成了新儒学体系,使儒家思想成为历代统治者推崇的正统思想。

(4)儒家思想束缚人们的思想,导致中 * * 存在盲目自足、因循守旧、不思奋进等缺点,没有进行理论创新。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     At midnight(半夜)Mr. King coughed again. He got up and took some medicine. Before he lay down again, he smoked. And he couldn't go to sleep any longer. He found the medicine book and began to read it. He was afraid he had lung cancer(肺癌). He seemed to see death was waiting for him. Tears (眼泪)ran down his face. He didn’t see his wife was standing by him.

   “What’s wrong with you, dear?” asked the woman.

   “Nothing,” the old man answered and covered his face with his hands.

     The old woman opened the book and understood at once. She said, “You must stop smoking right now.”

    “I began to smoke when I was nine, you know. How can I do that?”

    “but I think health is more important.”

     Mr. King coughed again and his wife said, “Go to see a doctor tomorrow. He will be able to help you, I think.”

     The doctor told Mr. King to have an X-ray examination(X光检查)of his lungs. And then he looked at the X-ray carefully for a long time.

     “Tell me the truth, doctor. ” said Mr. King, “Do you see any shadows (阴影) in my lungs?”

     “No, I don’t see anything.”

     “Yes?” the old man said happily. “Really?”

     “Yes. Your lungs are turning black. How can I see any shadows?”

根据短文内容选择正确的选项。

1. Mr. King got up to ______.

A.smoke again            

B.talk with his wife

C.read the medicine book.  

D.take some medicine

2. Mr. King coughed because ______.

A.he couldn’t go to sleep    

B.he was afraid to die

C.he smoked too much      

D.he was too old

3. ______, so tears ran down his face.

A.Mr. King thought he had lung cancer

B.Mr. King couldn’t understand the book

C.Mr. King was too sad to go to sleep

D.The doctors refused to help Mr. King

4. The doctor told Mr. King to have an X-ray examination because ______.

A.he was sure the man would soon die

B.he wanted the man to stop smoking right now

C.he wanted to know if there was something wrong with his lugs.

D.he was sure the man would soon be all right

5. Which of the following is true?

A.There was nothing serious with Mr. King.

B.Smoking too much caused Mr. King’s lungs to turn black.

C.The doctor found some shadows in Mr. King’s lungs.

D. Mr. King decided to stop smoking at once.

多项选择题