问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:民主政治和法律制度是人类政治文明的核心成果。古往今来,一部部法律文献搭建起人类政治文明前进的阶梯。阅读材料并结合所学知识,回答问题。

材料一  (明初)市场管理立法初具规模,包括对商品价格的估定,度量衡的规范、牙商(中间人)的管理、不正当经商行为的处置都有专门的法律条文。 洪武三十年(1397年)申禁人民不得擅自出海与外国互市。 ——张晋落《中国法制通史》 

材料二   民(国)初颁布了《商人通例》、《公司条例》、《证券交易所法》等法规,涉及生产、 交换、分配、消费和政府管理等领域。在全国工商会议上,工商界代表对公司注册章程,商标法、商会法等提出了许多建议和要求,工(农)商部在制订相关法规时均有所采纳,并在参考西方有关法规的基础上,较多地注意了本国状况。 ——摘编自《民国初期的经济法制建设》

材料三  法兰西共和之路

材料四   美国总统威尔逊本是国联的发起人和积极的鼓吹者,但是……参议院拒不批准《凡尔赛和约》。结果,美国没有加入国联。 ——《20世纪的战争与和平》 

国会授权罗斯福进行大规模的干预及调节……,但在罗斯福新政的前期,最高法院与行政间则展开激烈的争吵。法官们……先后宣布新政的几个主要法令违宪,予以废止。 ——吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史》等改编

(1)材料一反映了明初法律的哪些内容?这些法律对当时的社会经济有何影响?

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(2)归纳材料二所反映的民国初期经济立法的特点,指出其历史作用。

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(3)法兰西共和之路呈现怎样的特点?综合上述四则材料谈谈你对民主宪政的认识。

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(4)根据上述材料,并结合所学知识,评价美国三权分立的制度设计。

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答案

(1)加强市场管理;实行“海禁”。市场立法规范了商品市场,顺应了商品经济发展的要求;实施“海禁”不利于开拓海外市场,阻碍了社会经济发展。

(2)经济立法及领域较为广泛;反映了资产阶级的要求;将西方有关法规与本国实际相结合。促进民族资本主义的发展。

(3)特点:艰难曲折。认识:①民主宪政是人类社会政治发展的必由之路  ②民主宪政的模式必须立足国情。

(4)可避免滥用职权(避免独裁或绝对权力的出现),在一定程度上保障了资产阶级民主,为美国的长期稳定和发展打下了坚实的基础;但是,有时也会出现三权扯皮,甚至相互否决,导致效率低下,影响统治集团意志的有 效贯彻。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Home prices slid in November, raising questions about whether the housing recovery is robust enough to maintain a sustained turnaround. From October to November, home prices fell 0.2% after (1) 0.1% in October, according to a report Tuesday by Standard & Poor’s/Case-Shiller’s home price index. (2) five of the 20 metro areas (3) by the index saw price increases for the month.

On a(n) (4) basis, prices were 5.3% lower in November than in November 2008. Prices were the same as in late 2003. "What we’ve seen (5) the past couple of months is that the pace of (6) has fallen down," says Maureen Maitland of Standard & Poor’s. "Some markets have (7) Is that because we haven’t (8) the foreclosure (回赎权的取消) cycle Because of unemployment We’re not seeing the (9) we were seeing in the last summer months. "

Metro areas that have seen a retreat in home prices (10) Seattle, Charlotte, Las Vegas and Tampa. All four (11) gains they made in recent months (12) . (13) , for the 20-metro index, the annual rate of decline is improving. That (14) , with other recent housing reports that show prices (15) or accelerating, could point to (16) the housing market is starting to (17) its footing, some economists say. Existing home sale prices were $178 300 in December, which is 1.5% higher than December 2008, according to a report this week by the National Association of Realtors. That was the first year-over-year (18) in median price since August 2007.

"The most (19) thing we can say is not only the market is stabilizing, but we’ve seen that housing demand is p," says Bernard Baumohl, with the Economic Outlook Group. "Housing probably will continue to climb upwards through the summer, (20) it could slip a little as the tax credit expires. \

14()

A.trend

B.circumstance

C.condition

D.hypothesis