问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文(16分)

【甲文】万钟则不辩礼义而受之,万钟于我何加焉!为宫室之美,妻妾之奉,所识穷乏者得我与?乡为身死而不受,今为宫室之美为之;乡为身死而不受,今为妻妾之奉为之;乡为身死而不受,今为所识穷乏者得我而为之:是亦不可以已乎?此之谓失其本心。(《鱼我所欲也》)

【乙文】王荆公病喘,药用紫团山人参,不可得。时薛师政自河东还,适有之,赠公数两,不受。人有劝公曰:“公之疾非此药不可治,疾可忧,药不足辞。”公曰:“平生无紫团参,亦活到今日。”竟不受。

【注释】①王荆公:即王安石。②药用紫团山人参:这里指药方中需要用到紫团山出产的人参。③薛师政:人名,即薛向,字师政。

小题1:解释下列句子中加线的词。(4分)   

(1)所识穷乏者我与(        )    (2)今为妻妾之为之(        )

(3)有之(        )              (4)药不辞        (        )

小题2:下列各组句中加线词的意义和用法相同的一项是(        )(3分)

A.今为宫室之美之项之强(《幼时记趣》)

B.万钟不辩礼义而受之余缊袍敝衣处期间(《送东阳马生序》)

C.公疾非此药不可治悍吏来吾乡(《捕蛇者说》)

D.万钟我何加焉未尝不叹息痛恨桓、灵也(《出师表》)小题3:翻译下列句子。(6分)

(1)此之谓失其本心。

译:                                                                            

(2)公曰:“平生无紫团参,亦活到今日。”竟不受。

译:                                                                           

(3)亲给钱粮,不扣一厘,而随官人役亦未尝横索一钱。(《治水必躬亲》)

译:                                                                         

小题4:联系甲乙两段文字及翻译句(3),说说人该如何保持本心?(3分)

                                                                            

                                                                        

答案

小题1:得同“德”,感激恩德;侍奉;恰巧;值得。

小题2:B

小题3:①这种做法就叫做丧失了天性(是非羞恶之心,即“义”)。

②荆公曰:“(我)平生没有紫团参,也活到今天。”竟不接受。

③亲自发钱粮给民工,一厘也不克扣,并且随同的官吏差役也不曾横行勒索一文钱财。

小题4:坚持原则,坚守底线,以身作则,(1分)拒绝金钱等的不良诱惑,(1分)始终保持艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约的优良作风(1分),关心人民群众的疾苦(1分),管好自家的人、身边的人(1分),才能保持本心。(答出其中4点即可)

小题1:

题目分析:本题中的“得”的含义比较大,“得”先通假“德”,然后又由“恩德”化名词为动词,译为“感激恩德”。

点评:本题不难,句意浅显,容易理解。解释文言字语首先要弄懂句子的意思,在句子的语境中理解字词的意思。

小题2:

题目分析:A项中“为”一为“做”一为“因为”,B项中两个“则”都是“却”的意思,C项中“之”一为“的”一为主谓之间不译,D项中的“于”一为“对于”一为“替”。故B对。

点评:本题不难,皆是所学课文中的句子,学生比较熟悉。古文语文精练,一词多义是常见现象,学习时要注意,要把一词的“多义”放在语言环境中记忆。

小题3:

题目分析:第一句,“谓”:叫做;“本心”:天性;第二句,“竟”:却;“受”:接受;第三句,“亲”:亲自;“而”:并且;“随”:随同;“役”:差役;“未尝”:不曾;“横”:横行;“索”:勒索。

点评:本题不难,句意浅显易懂。古文中虽然大多数是一字一义”,但也有两个字表示一个相同的意思,叫“复合义”,翻译时用一个意思就行。

小题4:

题目分析:从材料中可理解克制贪欲,拒绝物质诱惑,保持勤俭习惯,即可保持本心。

点评:本题不难,思考的角度很多,话题有普通性,易于发挥。此类问题,不在于对错,在于如何讲清自己的观点,说清楚理由,组织好语言。

完形填空
完形填空。
     Eric was terribly ill. He couldn't move and had to spend all day in  1 . Because his friends
were not allowed to go near him, he felt quite  2  . Every day he just looked out of the  3 , doing nothing at all.
As time passed, Eric became more and more hopeless.
     One day, however, he saw something very  4   in the window. A panda was eating sandwiches there. Eric
was very surprised. Before he could  5   what had happened, he saw a monkey playing the violin. After a while,
he saw more and more  6  characters outside the window. This time he began to  7  a lot and could hardly stop.
     No one would stop laughing when they saw a pig playing a drum, or a dog  8  a pair of glasses and acting
like a teacher. Eric didn't tell anyone about this  9  he thought nobody would believe this. Anyway, those
strange characters brought happiness back  10  his heart. Soon he got well and was able to go back to  11  
again.
     When class was over. Eric told his  12  about all the strange things he had seen. While he was talking,
he saw something coming out of Tom's  13 . He wanted very much to know what it was, so he asked Tom
  14 . Finally Tom had to  15  him what was in the bag. There, inside, were all the fancy-dress (假面) toys
that Tom had used to cheer him up!
     And from that day on, Eric always did his best to make sure that no one was sad or lonely.
( )1. A. school         
( )2. A. happy          
( )3. A. window         
( )4. A. delicious      
( )5. A. find out       
( )6. A. quiet          
( )7. A. cry            
( )8. A. making         
( )9. A. because        
( )10. A. for           
( )11. A. work          
( )12. A. parents       
( )13. A. eyes          
( )14. A. again and again
( )15. A. teach         
B. bed    
B. tired  
B. book   
B. warm   
B. pick up
B. brave  
B. laugh  
B. selling
B. but    
B. with   
B. school 
B. brothers
B. shoes  
B. as usual
B. show   
C. church      
C. sad         
C. door        
C. useful      
C. take away   
C. funny       
C. run         
C. inventing   
C. so          
C. into        
C. town        
C. sisters     
C. jacket      
C. day and night
C. lend        
D. class    
D. excited  
D. wall     
D. strange  
D. get back 
D. dangerous
D. sing     
D. wearing  
D  or       
D. by       
D. hospital 
D. classmates
D. schoolbag                                  
D. in time  
D. sell     
单项选择题