问题 填空题

(10分)过渡金属元素氧化物应用研究是目前科学研究的前沿之一,回答下列问题:

Ⅰ、二氧化钛作光催化剂能将居室污染物甲醛、苯等有害气体可转化为二氧化碳和水,达到无害化。有关甲醛、苯、及水说法正确的是_____________。

A.苯分子中含有碳碳键的键能较大,不易发生化学反应

B.苯不能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色,说明其分子中不含碳碳双键

C.甲醛的沸点比甲酸低,主要原因是甲酸分子间可以形成氢键

D.水分子稳定性高,是因为水分子间能形成氢键

Ⅱ、2007年诺贝尔物理学奖为法国科学家阿尔贝·费尔和德国科学家彼得·格林贝格尔共同获得,以表彰他们在巨磁电阻效应(CMR效应)研究方面的成就。某钙钛型复合氧化物(如右图),以A原子为晶胞的顶点,A位可以是+2价的Ca、Sr、Ba或Pb,当B位是V、Cr、Mn、Fe时,这种化合物具有CMR效应。

用A、B、O表示这类特殊晶体的化学式__________。(A、B为元素代号,O为氧元素)

⑵已知La为+3价,当被钙等二价元素A替代时,可形成复合钙钛矿化合物La1-xAxMnO3, (x < 0.1),此时一部分锰转变为+4价。导致材料在某一温度附近有反铁磁-铁磁、铁磁-顺磁转变及金属-半导体的转变,则La1-xAxMnO3中三价锰与四价锰的物质的量之比为:____________。(用含x的代数式表示)

26Fe3+的核外电子排布式为:                。

⑷下列有关说法正确的是__________________。

A.镧、锰、氧分别位于周期表f、d、p区

B.晶体铬属于体心立方堆积,其堆积方式如右图:

C.锰的电负性为1.59 ,Cr的电负性为1.66,说明锰的金属性比铬强

答案

I、 ABC(2分,答对2个给1分,全对给2分) 

Ⅱ、(1)ABO3(2分)          (2)(1-x)/x(2分)

(3)[Ar]3d5 (2分)       (4)AC(2分)

I:水分子稳定性高,是因为O元素的非金属性较强,共价键比较牢固,而水分子间的氢键只影响水的熔、沸点,而不影响水分子的稳定性。

II:该晶胞为立方体结构,其中A位于立方体顶点平均每个晶胞占A为,O位于体心平均每个晶胞占O为,B位于体心平均每个晶胞占B为1,所以化学式为ABO3

La1-xAxMnO3中其化合价如图所示:,则根据正负化合价为0可求得y=3+x;+y为Mn的平均化合价,设+3价Mn物质的量为a mol 、+4价Mn物质的量为b mol;所以有等式a+b=1;3a+4b=3+x;解得

(3) 26Fe3+的核外电子排布式为:[Ar]3d5

(4)该图为面心立方最密堆积

多项选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
     Whenever we hear about "the homeless,", most of us think of the Developing World. But the   1    is
that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the
streets of a   2    country like Germany?
    Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making   3 for the homeless of Berlin, Germany's
capital. They first   4   one long hot summer when most Germans were   5   on holiday. Kurt and his wife
stayed at home, made sandwiches,   6   a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.
     The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren't    7    . "What these people also need is
warmth and   8  ," says Rita. The Mullers didn't    9  to give their phone number to the street people and
told them to phone anytime. Rita    10    there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always    11 to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.
     The couple were soon    12    all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies
to    13    donations. Today, over thirty companies   14    donate food and other goods to the cause and
volunteers help  to  15    them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer   16  new shoes.
     Kurt and Rita receive no   17   for their hard work. " We feel like parents," says Rita, "and parents
shouldn't    18    money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary." Though Rita
admits she often gets   19   . she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a   20   in the world.  
( )1. A. result   
( )2. A. traditional
( )3. A. preparations
( )4. A. began     
( )5. A. asleep    
( )6. A. brought up
( )7. A. enough    
( )8. A. fame    
( )9. A. hesitate  
( )10. A. make sense
( )11. A. open  
( )12. A. costing
( )13. A. pay for
( )14. A. completely
( )15. A. advertise
( )16. A. donates
( )17. A. permission
( )18. A. borrow  
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( )20. A. profit  
B. truth  
B. developing
B. houses  
B. met   
B. alone   
B. set up  
B. necessary
B. freedom  
B. agree    
B. found out
B. crowded
B. wasting
B. ask for
B. calmly  
B. sell  
B. produces
B. payment
B. raise  
B. excited
B. difference
C. reason   
C. typical   
C. meals     
C. called   
C. across    
C. put aside
C. helpful  
C. courage  
C. pretend  
C. make sure
C. noisy    
C. taking   
C. look into
C. regularly
C. deliver   
C. designs   
C. direction
C. save    
C. tired     
C. decision  
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D. wealthy    
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D. amused    
D. rule