问题 计算题

质量M=3kg的长木板静止在光滑水平面上,木板左侧放置一质量m=1kg的木块,右侧固定一轻弹簧,处于原长状态,弹簧正下方部分的木板上表面光滑,其他部分的木板上表面粗糙,如图所示现给木块v0=4m/s的初速度,使之向右运动,在木板与木块向右运动过程中,当木板和木块达到共速时,木板恰与墙壁相碰,碰撞过程时间极短,木板速度的方向改变,大小不变,最后木块恰好在木板的左端与木板相对静止。求:

①木板与墙壁相碰时的速度v1

②整个过程中弹簧所具有的弹性势能的最大值Epm

答案

①1m/s. ②3.75J

题目分析:①以木块与木板组成组成的系统为研究对象,从木块开始运动到两者速度相同的过程中,系统动量守恒,由动量守恒定律可得:mv0=(M+m)v1,解得:v1=1m/s.

②木板与墙壁碰后返回,木块压缩弹簧,当弹簧压缩到最短时,木块与木板速度相等,在此过程中两者组成的系统动量守恒,由动量守恒定律可得:Mv1-mv1=(M+m)v2,解得:v2=0.5m/s;

当弹簧压缩到最短时,弹性势能最大,由动能定理可得:

当木块到达木板最左端时两者速度相等,在此过程中,系统动量守恒,由动量守恒定律可得:,解得v3=0.5m/s;

从木块开始运动到木块回到木板最左端的整个过程中,由能量守恒定律可知: ,解得:Q=3.75J,EPm=3.75J.

阅读理解

May : Happenings from the past  

May 5,1884

Isaac Murphy , son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history , rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby . He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times .

May 9 , 1754

Benjamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon (漫画), showing a snake cut in pieces, with the words “ Join or Die” printed under the picture.

May 11,1934

The first great dust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl , the result of years of drought(干旱),blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington , D.C. .

May 19, 1994

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis , former first lady and one of the most famous people of the 1960s , died of cancer in New York City at the age of 64 .

May 24, 1844

Samuel F.B. Morsr taps out the first message , “ What Hath God Wrought ,” over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington, D.C. , to Baltimeore , Md .

1. We know from the text that Buchanan is_____________.

A Isaac”s father                 B a winnning horse

C.a slave taking care if horses      D.the first racing horse in Kentucky

2. What is the title of the first American political cartoon ?

A.Join or Die                   B.Pennsylvania Gazette

C.What Hath God Wrought        D.Kentucky Derby

3. In which year did the former first lady Jacqueline die ?

A. 1934        B. 1960       C . 1964       D. 1994

4.Which of the following places has to do with the first telegram in history ?

A. Washington , D. C.             B. New York City

C. Kentucky.                    D.  Pennsylvania

单项选择题