问题 单项选择题

计算机的发展,经历了( )。

A.机械计算机、电子计算机、数字计算机等阶段

B.电动计算机、电子计算机、电子模拟计算机等阶段

C.电子管计算机、晶体管计算机、中小规模集成电路计算机、超大规模集成电路计算机等阶段

D.大型计算机、小型计算机、微型计算机、客户机/服务器阶段、互联网阶段

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 过去的计算机教材,在介绍计算机发展史时,指出计算机发展经历了电子管、晶体管等4个阶段,这实际上只是以大型机为主的一段历史,不能全面反映计算机的发展。计算机在其发展过程中,经历了大型计算机、小型计算机、微型计算机、客户机/服务器阶段、互联网阶段共5个阶段。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面选文,完成1-5题。

八岁,一个人去旅行(节选)

吴念真

  她一直看着我,凹瘪的嘴一直不停地嚼着什么,让我有点不自在、有点害怕起来。于是,我只好转身跪到椅子上,面对车窗假装看风景。可是火车一下子开进了三貂岭和牡丹之间那段超长的隧道,风景不见了,窗户上又反射出那个老婆婆的身影。也许是因为车厢里白白冷冷的灯光,她的脸显得有点吓人。在轰隆的车声中,我忽然听见她出声说:“囝仔!”

  我回过头去,看见她正向我招手。

  刹那间,我真不知道该怎么办。

  老婆婆好像察觉我的犹豫,伸手从空空的菜篓子底捡起两三个小小的、有点熟过了的芭乐说:“来,这给你吃!”

  我只好慢慢走了过去,低着头,慢慢地接过芭乐。

  不过,就在那一瞬间,我却再也不怕了,因为她身上有着跟祖母一样的味道,那是擦在头发上的苦茶油的幽香。

  她把我拉到她身旁坐下,一边说:“这没人要的,你吃。”

  一直到我咬下第一口芭乐之后,她才问我:“你一个人要去哪?”

  我说宜兰。

  她似乎一点也不惊奇,笑着说:“这样,阿嬷就有伴了!阿嬷要到罗东,你下车的时候刚好可以叫我一声。”然后,好像很放心似的,把手上吃剩的半个芭乐放进口袋里,又交代我一声:“要记得叫阿嬷哦!”随即便轻轻地、舒服地靠向椅子,闭起眼睛睡了。

  我有任务在身当然不敢睡,其实,也睡不着。因为我的心中,还有一个重要的期待。

  我知道过了三貂岭的隧道,另一个更长的隧道就在石城附近。每当火车穿过这个隧道,天地彷佛就开阔明亮起来,无边的海洋会一下子蹦了出来,出现在车窗外,于是我将会看到湛蓝、起伏不停的海,看到船,看到远远的一个小岛,看到缓缓扇动着翅膀慢慢掠过海面的鸟群……对一个山上的孩子来说,这是一幅令人期待的风景,一个始终眷恋的记忆,绝对没有放弃的理由。

  那天,我便跪在座椅上,一口一口慢慢嚼着芭乐,一个人同时拥有好几扇毫无阻挡的车窗,满足而感动地重温那样的经验,要多久就多久,没有人会叫我下来坐好。阳光很强、很热、而且刺眼,但我一直面对车窗,拼命装载眼前的风景,开心地想唱乱七八糟的歌。

  忽然,我感觉好像有人慢慢靠近我,最后甚至整个人都重重地倒在我跪着的腿上。低头一看,是老婆婆!她歪倒在椅子上,头靠着我的腿,而全身却正滑向地面。我想拉住她的手臂,想把她往椅子上拖,可是拖不上来。她灰白夹杂的头发下的脸青白青白的,像夏天晚上常闯进屋子里的一种大蛾,连嘴唇也一样。

  我忽然想到:她会不会死掉了?因为她的脸几乎是冰的。我想叫她,可是,却不知道怎么称呼她,就在这同时,我已经听见自己的声音叫着:阿嬷!阿嬷!

  阿嬷没有反应,我用力摇晃她,她还是一动也不动,我急得想哭,忽然又想到村子里矿坑出事的时候,总会有人喊:救人喔!救人喔!然后全村人立刻像被水浇到的蚂蚁群一样冲过来的情形。于是,我深深吸了一口气,有些胆怯地喊道:“救人!救人喔!”

  这一叫,有用了。一堆人全过来了,一边问说:“怎样啦?怎样啦?”

  我说:“阿嬷好像死掉了!”

  众人一阵大乱,我被挤到一旁去,听到他们七嘴八舌地说:“在流冷汗呢,可能中暑了!没见过她呢,谁认识啊?这么老了,还带孙子出来做生意!”我真想跟他们说:我不是,我不是她的孙子!可是一点机会也没有。

  有人在帮阿嬷抓痧,用力捏着她的肩膀和背脊。她始终闭着眼睛,被人家翻来翻去,像布袋戏偶一样,我忍不住哭了出来,只是背过身去,不敢出声。

  人声依然嘈杂,有人说:“喂,谁有万金油还是白花油?”

  我毫不迟疑地说:“我有!”立刻从口袋里掏出万金油,递给从人群里伸出来的一只手。

  这时,有人发现我在流泪吧,有一个女人说:“不要哭,不要哭,阿嬷没事,傻囝仔!”她拉我到阿嬷面前。阿嬷眼睛睁开了,有人正用我的万金油在帮她擦额头和太阳穴。那女人跟她说:“阿婆,还好你带孙子出来,不然,你昏死到苏澳还没人知道!孙子这么聪明、孝顺,你很有福气呢!”

  我又急着想跟他们说:我不是她的孙子……但还是没有机会,因为我看到阿嬷一边笑着频频点头,一边眼泪却从她眼角流了下来。

  “阿嬷要照顾好哦!回去跟你爸爸妈妈说,阿嬷这么老了,不要让她挑太重、跑太远,记得哦!”人们叮咛着,我和阿嬷一样,流着泪,频频点头,静静地看着他们慢慢散去。

  在火车规律的摇摆和“喀答喀答”声中,海,看不见了。

  我知道,下一站就是宜兰。

  阿嬷没说话,一只手里捏着什么,另一只手把我的手拉过去。

  我感觉到她塞给我好几个铜板。

  “我不要,我妈妈说不能乱拿别人给的钱!”

  “你真傻呢,妈妈问你,你就说是阿嬷给你的,阿嬷不是别人啊!”

  后来,我拿了阿嬷的钱。一直捏在手里,一直到下车。然后,我站在月台上,看着火车关上了门,离去。最后一眼的阿嬷是笑着的。

  当我走出火车站,向附近的姨婆家走去,一边把手上的铜板放进口袋的时候,才发现,我忘了把爸爸给我的万金油拿回来了!当姨婆惊讶地看到我一个人出现在她家门口,大呼小叫地骂起爸爸的时候,我还在想那半盒万金油的事。

  想,它现在会在哪里呢?

  回程的火车上虽然没有万金油,我还是没打瞌睡。

  最后,当我背着雨伞和姨婆送的五斤青蒜回到已经昏暗的村子,远远地看到在路口不知道已经等候多久的祖母的身影时,忽然发现,她的脸,怎么变成了火车上那个阿嬷的脸?

  怎么会?

  我很急地跑向她,并且大声地叫着:“阿嬷!阿嬷!……”  ——选自《读者》2012年第6期

注释:(1)阿嬷(mó):对老年妇女的称呼。(2)囝(jiǎn)仔:指小孩或孩子。

1.文章主要写了哪两个情节?

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2.文中众人抢救阿嬷,提到“在流冷汗呢,可能中暑了!”从文中找出表明众人判断正确的语句。

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3.“因为我看到阿嬷笑着频频点头,眼泪却从她的眼角流了下来。”请用几个词语概括阿嬷此时复杂的心理。

__________________________________________________

4.简要分析文中画横线句子的表达效果。

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5.作者在文章最后写道:“她(祖母)的脸怎么变成了火车上那个阿嬷的脸”,为什么写这样的场景?表达了怎样的主题?

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阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Australia has passed regulations that will enable more international students to further their education in

the country.    The new measures were released by the Australian Department of Tertiary Education, Skills, Jobs and Workplace Relations in September and will take effect in mid-2012.    As a result, the student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified, and the deposit (押金) required to study in Australia has been reduced. Language requirements for overseas students have also been eased.   

       Also, overseas students receiving a higher education in Australia will be granted a working visa lasting from two tofour years after graduation, as long as they meet the basic IELTS requirement.    "This change will definitely make Australia a more attractive destination for Chinese students planning to study overseas," says Wang Lan , a consultant from Education International Cooperation Group (EIC), a Beijing-based

company that provides services to students wishing to study overseas.    However, in the past few years,

many of Wang's student clients (客户) could not start studies in Australia because they did not meet the

language requirements, visa processing took a long time and deposit regulations were tough. The change

in policy is good news for the parents of students wishing to study in Australia, Wang says.   

        A 22-year-old female student surnamed Li, in Beijing, who is planning to do her  postgraduate

studies in Australia, learned about the policy change several weeks ago.    "According to the previous

deposit requirement for my student visa, my family was required to put down 550,000 yuan ($86,850).

Now we only need to prepare 410,000 yuan. This is a relief for my parents," Li says.

      She also says that the two to four years working visa makes her feel much clearer about her study plans.    "I believe several years of working experience abroad will strengthen my competitiveness when I

return to China," she says.    Gaining a competitive advantage is the major reason for Chinese students to

study abroad, according to the report by EIC.

1. What's the main idea of the passage?  

A. Language requirement for overseas students have been eased in Australia.

B. Australia is a most attractive place for students in China.

C. Australia widens window of opportunity for international students.

D. More students will work in Australia after their graduation.

2. Which of the following is NOT the content of the new regulations?  

A. The student visa application process for overseas students has been simplified.

B. The deposit required to study in Australia has been reduced.

C. Language requirements for overseas students have been more difficult.

D. After graduation, some overseas students can get a working visa in Australia.

3. After the new regulations are passed, _______ .   

A. more students will come to Australia to work

B. more Chinese students will choose to live in Australia.

C. the opportunities to work in Australia decrease for overseas students

D. more Chinese students will choose to further their education in Australia

4. How much can Li's parents save according to the new regulations?  

A. 550,000 yuan

B. 140,000 yuan

C. 410,000 yuan

D. 86,850 yuan

5. Why do many students want to work in Australia after their graduation? 

A. The working experience abroad will strengthen their competitiveness.

B. They can earn more money in Australia.

C. Their working experience can make them stay in Australia forever.

D. They have to do so according to the new regulations.