问题 问答题

丹江大坝加高工程是南水北调中线工程的控制性工程,大坝坝高将由初期工程的海拔162米加高至176米.(g取10N/Kg)

(1)若坝内水的密度为1.0×103Kg/m3,求水深50m处大坝受到的水的压强.

(2)为了保证“一江清水送北京”,我市某校一个物理兴趣小组组织了一次“水库水质调查”的实践活动.他们将一根重为0.9N的圆柱棒(下端密度较大)放入装有自来水的桶里,发现该棒恰好竖直漂浮,水下部分长度为总长的3/4,然后他们将该棒放入从水库某入水口取来的水样中,棒仍竖直漂浮,测得棒浸在水样中的长度为总长的5/8.求该棒在自来水中所受的浮力大小和水样的密度.(自来水的密度为1.0×103Kg/m3

答案

(1)h=50m,

大坝受到水的压强:

p=ρgh=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×50m=5.0×105Pa;

(2)棒在自来水中所受的浮力:

F=G=0.9N;

设棒的总长为L,底面积为S,h1=

3
4
L,h2=
5
8
L,由漂浮条件得F浮1=F浮2

ρgv1水库水gv2

ρgsh1水库水gsh2

所取水样的密度:

ρ水库水=

ρgsh1
gsh2
=103kg/m3×
 
3
4
L
5
8
L
=1.2×103kg/m3

答:(1)水深50m处大坝受到的水的压强5.0×105Pa;

(2)该棒在自来水中所受的浮力大小为0.9N,水样的密度为1.2×103kg/m3

判断题
单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. (1) the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly (2) to live shorter lives. This suggests that (3) bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) (4) in not being too bright.

Intelligence, it (5) , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow (6) the starting line because it depends on learning — a(n) (7) process — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to (8) .

Is there an adaptive value to (9) intelligence That’s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance (10) at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real (11) of our own intelligence might be. This is (12) the mind of every animal we’ve ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would (13) on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, (14) , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that (15) animals ran the labs, they would test us to (16) the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really (17) , not merely how much of it there is. (18) , they would hope to study a(n) (19) question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in (20) the results are inconclusive.

18()

A. Above all

B. After all

C. However

D. Otherwise