问题 问答题

有一金属块,在空气中称重是14.7N,把金属块浸没在粗细均匀的容器的水中,弹簧称的读数为9.8N,设容器的底面积为100cm2,试问:

(1)金属块受到的浮力为多大?排开水的体积多大?

(2)金属块浸没在水中时,容器底受水的压强比金属块来放入时受水的压强增大了多少?

答案

(1)金属块受到的浮力为

F=G-G′=14.7N-9.8N=4.9N

金属块排开水的体积为

V=

F
ρg 
=
4.9N
1.0×103kg∕m3×9.8N∕kg 
=5.0×10-4m3

(2)水面上升的高度为

△h=

V
S
=
5.0×10-4m3
1×10-2m2
=5.0×10-2m

水对容器底的压强增加了

△P=ρg△h=1.0×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×5.0×10-2m=490Pa

答:

(1)金属块受到的浮力为4.9N;排开水的体积为5.0×10-4m3

(2)水对容器底的压强增加了490Pa.

阅读理解

In order to protect valuable energy, snails(蜗牛) basically play a game of follow-the-leader, a new study finds. Snails create trails of mucus(黏液) to help them move smoothly across the ground, mainly in search of food or a partner, but making all that mucus uses up a lot of energy.

“Snails use a lot of energy, probably a third, creating mucus,” said Mark Davies of the University of Sunderland, lead author of the study published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society. “This process is very tiring indeed— much more so than walking, swimming or flying.”

Davies and his workmates studied marine snails off the coast of Britain and discovered that to save some of this important energy, the snails sometimes follow the existing mucus trails laid down by other snails to get around and so only have to create a small part of the mucus needed to make a new trail.

“The fact that they can make savings has an effect on as much as they have to save more energy to do other things like reproducing,” Davies said.

The energy saving may also help snails which live in environments where food is not enough, making the energy harder to replace.

Biologists had long guessed that snails behaved this way, but this is the first study to directly observe it. Davies said that it is likely that all snails use this means of cutting energy as they work hard through life.

45. What’s the function of mucus that snails create?

A. To find their food                   B. To find their way back

C. To save their energy                 D. To help them move smoothly

46. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The snail’s life is very hard.           

B. The snails don’t need much to reproduce.

C. This is the first time to do the guess.     

D. The snails will replace more energy in places lacking food.

47. From the passage we know that ______.

A. snails’ trails are sometimes reused     

B. snails’ food is difficult to find

C. snails can live a long life             

D. only marine snails have the ability

48. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. How snails move and work.     

B. Snails save energy by reusing mucus trails.

C. A new study finds the mysteries of snails.

D. Snails make full use of their energy.

单项选择题