问题 填空题

(6分)打点计时器是高中物理中重要的实验仪器,下图中的甲、乙两种打点计时器是高中物理实验中常用的,请回答下面的问题:

(1)图乙是_______(填“电磁”或“电火花”)打点计时器,电源采用的是_______________(填“交流4—6V”或“交流220V”)。

(2)在某次实验中,物体拖动纸带做加速直线运动,打点计时器所使用的交流电源频率为50Hz,实验得到的一条纸带如图所示,纸带上每相邻的两个计数点之间都有4个点未画出。按时间顺序取0、1、2、3、4、5六个计数点,实验中用直尺量出各计数点到0点的距离如图所示(单位:cm)。则在打计数点1和4所对应的时刻,纸带运动的瞬时速度分别为v1=_________m/s,v4=________m/s,从打计数点1到打计数点4这段时间内,拖动纸带运动的物体的平均加速度a=___________m/s2。(保留两位有效数字)

答案

(1)电火花(1分),交流220(1分);(2)0.18m/s(1分),0.40m/s(1分),0.73m/s2(2分)

(1)图乙是电火花打点计时器,使用220V的交流电源。

(2)打点计时器打计数点1和4所对应的时刻,纸带运动的瞬时速度分别等于计数点0到2、3到5时间内的平均速度,即

v1=×10-2m/s≈0.18m/s

v2=×10-2m/s≈0.40m/s

由加速度的定义式可得打计数点1到打计数点4这段时间内,拖动纸带运动的物体的平均加速度为

a=m/s2=0.73m/s2

阅读理解

(2013·宜春五校联考)Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers.They use robotic systems to milk their cows.Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations.Only one cow at a time can enter a station.

Once inside,the cow is rewarded with food.As the cow eats,a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine.A few minutes later,milking is complete.The gate is opened,the cow is released and the next cow enters.

The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day.The cows get to decide when they want to be milked.Cows are milked an average of about three times a day.Some are milked four to six times a day.

The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system.A computer keeps records on their eating and milking.A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.

The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk.Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.

Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers.She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm.Still,she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.

Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm.Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system.A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot costs 175,000 dollars.The second costs 150,000 dollars.

Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot.He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.

小题1:From the first paragraph,we can infer ________.

A.the robotic system is designed to reduce labor

B.cows can be raised by robots in the future

C.robots direct cows into milking stations

D.cows are kept clean by robots on some farms小题2:Besides milking cows,the robotic system also can ________.

A.adjust the temperature of milking stations

B.judge the quality of fresh milk

C.improve the appetite of cows

D.keep fresh milk for two weeks小题3:Why is the robotic system not popular now?

A.Because young people have no interest in it.

B.Because it is difficult to learn how to use it.

C.Because people can't afford to buy it.

D.Because it usually causes the waste of milk.小题4:According to Doug,what is the wage of an employee per year?

A.$150,000~$175,000.

B.over $75,000.

C.$150,000~$30,000.

D.$30,000~$35,000.

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