问题 问答题

(1)如图为常见仪器的部分结构(有的仪器被放大) 

A图中液面所示溶液的体积为______mL,用上述四种仪器中的某种测量一液体的体积,平视时读数为N mL,仰视时读数为M mL,若M>N,则所使用的仪器是______  (填字母标号);

(2)在化学分析中,常需用KMnO4标准溶液,由于KMnO4晶体在室温下不太稳定,因而很难直接配制准确物质的量浓度的KMnO4溶液.实验室一般先称取一定质量的KMnO4晶体,粗配成大致浓度的KMnO4溶液,再用性质稳定、相对分子质量较大的基准物质草酸钠[Mr(Na2C2O4)=134.0]对粗配的KMnO4溶液进行标定,测出所配制的KMnO4溶液的准确浓度,反应原理为:5C2O42-+2MnO4-+16H+→10CO2↑+2Mn2++8H2O.

以下是标定KMnO4溶液的实验步骤:

步骤一:先粗配浓度约为0.15mol•L-1的高锰酸钾溶液500mL

步骤二:准确称取Na2C2O4固体m g放入锥形瓶中,用蒸馏水溶解并加稀硫酸酸化,加热至70~80℃,用步骤一所配高锰酸钾溶液进行滴定.记录相关数据

步骤三:______

步骤四:计算得高锰酸钾的物质的量浓度.试回答下列问题:

①该滴定实验______(“需要”或“不需要”)加指示剂;

②步骤二中滴定操作图示正确的是______(填编号);

③步骤二的滴定过程温度变化并不明显,但操作过程中发现前一阶段溶液褪色较慢,中间阶段褪色明显变快,最后阶段褪色又变慢.试根据影响化学反应速率的条件分析,溶液褪色明显变快的原因可能是______,最后又变慢的原因是______;

④请写出步骤三的操作内容______;

⑤若m的平均数值为1.340g,滴定的KMnO4溶液平均用量为25.00mL,则KMnO4溶液的浓度为______mol•L-1

答案

(1)用于量取一定体积的液体的仪器是量筒和滴定管,量筒的刻度从下往上依次增大,滴定管的0刻度在最上面,A图为量筒所示的溶液的体积,只能到小数点后面一位,即28.0mL,故答案为:28.0;

(2)①高锰酸钾为紫红色,当紫红色变为无色即达到了滴定终点,过程中不需要加指示剂,故答案为:不需要;

②高锰酸钾局有强氧化性,能腐蚀碱式滴定管,应放入酸式滴定管中,滴定时,左手控制活塞,右手振荡锥形瓶,故答案为:A;

③反应中间阶段产生的Mn2+为催化剂,催化剂能使反应速率变大,随反应进行,反应物浓度减小,所以反应速率减慢,故答案为:成的Mn2+为催化剂,使反应速率变大;反应物浓度减小,所以速率变小;

④为减少实验误差,滴定实验要多次滴定取平均值,故答案为:重复步骤二(两到三次);

⑤根据反应5C2O42-+2MnO4-+16H+═10CO2↑+2Mn2++8H2O,则5C2O42-~2MnO4-,m的平均数值为1.340g,即Na2C2O4的物质的量n=

m
M
=
1.34g
134g/mol
=0.0100mol,即C2O42-的物质的量为0.0100mol,所以KMnO4溶液的物质的量为0.0040mol,据C=
n
V
=
0.004mol
0.025L
=0.1600mol/L,故答案为:0.1600.

多项选择题
阅读理解

“Get out of the plane!” Justin shouted. Teddy and he dropped to the ground,….

When Kathy and Victor reached the edge of the grassland, flames(火焰)were shooting more than five meters into the air.

Kathy couldn’t believe what she was seeing. One glance told her they needed medical attention immediately. She questioned Justin, “ Is there anyone in the plane?”

“No,” he said.

“Where are you able to radio for help?”

“There was no time.”

“ I’m a distance runner.” Kathy said, “I’ll go for help.” Looking at the seriously injured men, she said, “It may take me several hours to get out.” She started out.

When she was 23, Kathy set a women’s-course record in a Marathon. She had run 42 kilometers. But now she was running the race of her life. She had nearly 30 kilometers of hard wilderness to cover to get help.

Kathy had been running for two hours. This was far back into the wilderness. The trail(小径) grew unclear. She stopped to take a quick compass(指南针) reading. She had run for more than 20 kilometers. Her heart fell, her muscle(肌肉) aching. Finally she saw her car in the distance.

She jumped into the car and sped away. She reached a holiday house and called the police.

During the wait she walked around, relaxing her legs and drinking water. It took almost two hours for a helicopter to reach her. They needed her for one more task.

小题1:“Now, she was running the race of her life” means that ________________.

A.she would set up a new record

B.she was running for the lives of others

C.she would run a race without others

D.she couldn’t rely on Victor this time小题2:Why did Kathy stopped to have a look at her compass? Because ______________.

A. she didn’t trust her memory

B.she had lost her way

C. The trail grew vague

D.Of the wilderness小题3:Why did she walk around, relax her legs and drink water? Because ______________.

A.She was too tired

B.she felt thirsty

C.she wanted to regain lost energy

D.nothing else could be done then小题4:What do you think of her final task was?

A.Giving the injured food and drinks.

B.Taking them to the nearest hospital.

C.To show the police where the injured was.

D.To go back to put out the big fire.