问题 计算题

如图1所示是铁路上测量列车运行的加速度的装置示意图,它是由一块安装在列车车头底部的强磁铁和埋设在轨道下面的一组等距分布的线圈及电流测量记录仪组成。假设磁铁磁极处的磁感应强度B与端面垂直,大小为0.005T,磁铁的宽度与线圈宽度d相同,且都很小,如图2所示。线圈的匝数n=10,长l=0.2m,总电阻R=0.5Ω(包括引出线的电阻)。若列车在整个测试区内做匀加速直线运动,在到达图中所示的测试点时,开始记录位移。图3为记录下来的磁铁通过第一、第二两个线圈的“电流~位移”图象。求:

(1)列车通过测试区的加速度;

(2)列车车头底部的磁铁通过第五个线圈时,该线圈中电流的大小。

答案

解:(1)从图象上看出,车头底部通过第一个线圈时,线圈中的电流i=0.10A,通过第二个线圈时,线圈中的电流i=0.14A,两线圈间的距离s=100m

线圈切割磁感线产生的电动势大小:E=nBlv

在线圈中产生的电流i=

所以有:v1==5.0m/s,v2==7.0m/s

列车的加速度为:a==0.12m/s2

(2)第一个线圈到第五个线圈间的距离s5=400m

,得:v5=11m/s

磁铁通过第五个线圈时,该线圈中产生的感应电流为:i5==0.22A

阅读理解

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    Many people have jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are lucky. Either they have

very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not

very interesting or they don't make much money. 

    The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People take a long time to learn how to do them.

Doctors study for at least six years after finishing school. 

     Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully.

Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually can not play these sports very

well. They cannot move fast enough. Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players

are quite old, but they can play it successfully.

     Most people work until they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire (退休) and have a lot of free time.

Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs Writers, artists, scientists

and actors (演员) usually work until they die. Their work is their life.

1.Do most people have interesting and high-pay jobs?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

2.Why do some jobs have to be taken a long time to learn?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

3.What sports are young people good at?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

4.Why is golf a good sport for older people?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

5.When do some people who have interesting jobs retire?

     ______________________________________________________________________________

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