问题 阅读理解与欣赏

抬起头来做人

梁文福

       ①那一年,那个小男孩,不过八九岁。一天,他拿着一张筹款卡回家,很认真地对妈妈说:“学校要筹款,每个学生都要叫人捐钱。”

       ②对小孩子来说,直接想到的“人”,就是自己的家长。

       ③小男孩的妈妈取出5块钱,交给他,然后在筹款卡上签名。小男孩静静地看着妈妈签名,想说什么,却没开口。妈妈注意到了,问他:“怎么啦?”

       ④小男孩低着头说:“昨天,同学们把筹款卡交给老师时,捐的都是100块、50块。”

       ⑤小男孩就读的是当地著名的“贵族学校”,校门外,每天都有小轿车等候放学的学生。小男孩的班级是排在全年级最前面的。班上的同学,不是家里捐献较多,就是成绩较好。当然,小男孩不属于前者。

       ⑥那一天,小男孩说,不是想和同学比多,也不是自卑。他一向都认真对待老师交代的功课,这一次,也想把自己的“功课”做好。况且,学校还举行班级筹款比赛,他的班已领先了,他不想拖累整班。

       ⑦妈妈把小男孩的头托起来说:“不要低头,要知道,你同学的家庭背景,非富则贵。我们必须量力而为,我们所捐的5块钱,其实比他们的500块钱还要多。你是学生,只要以自己的品学,尽力为校争光,就是对学校最好的贡献了。”

       ⑧第二天,小男孩抬起头,从座位走出去,把筹款卡交给老师。当老师在班上宣读每位同学的筹款成绩时,小男孩还是抬起头来。自此以后,小男孩在达官贵人、富贾豪绅的面前,一直抬起头来做人

       ⑨妈妈说的那一番话,深深地刻在小男孩心里。那是生平第一次,他面临由金钱来估量人的“成绩”的无言教育。非常幸运,就在这第一次,他学习到“捐”的意义,以及别人所不能“捐”到的、自己独一无二的价值。

1、结合第⑤段说说小男孩在班上是属于哪种类型的学生?

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2、5肯定比500小,在第⑦段里,小男孩的妈妈为什么说“我们所捐的5块钱,其实比他们的500块钱还要多。”呢?

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3、阅读第⑧段回答。

(1)简要说说画线句“自此以后,小男孩在达官贵人、富贾豪绅的面前,一直抬起头来做人”的深刻含义。

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(2)简要说说划线的两处“抬起头来”有何相同之处,有何不同之处?

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4、文章说,小男孩学习到了“捐”的意义,这“捐”的意义是什么?

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5、文题“抬起头来做人”有何深刻含义? 试结合文章内容阐述这一文题中所蕴含的哲理。

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答案

1、成绩较好。

2、从“我们必须量力而为”来看,这个家庭并不富裕;而对拥有百万家产的家庭来说,即使捐出500块钱,对他们的生活也丝毫没有影响。所以男孩的母亲这样说。(意近即可) 

3、(1)在经历了这次教育和考验之后,小男孩一直充满自信地做人,以自己的奋斗和成绩骄傲地面对那些拥有金钱的人们。

     (2)相同之处是:这两处“抬起头来”都包含了充分的自信。不同之处是:前一处“抬起头来”是指小男孩在同学们的纷纷议论中坚守自己的一份自信;后一处“抬起头来”指男孩在后来的人生道路上一直充满自信地为人处世,并努力奋斗。

4、这“捐”的意义首先是量力而为,捐出自己的一份真心;其次,你的品学,你的成绩,是你对社会最好的捐献。  

5、一个人即使身处贫困的境地,亦不要自卑,要相信自己的价值,相信通过自己的奋斗,能够实现自己的人生价值,从而昂首生活于这个世界上。 (以上主观题,意思对即可)

选择题
单项选择题

The United States experienced some of the most extreme weather events in its history this spring, including deadly outbreaks of tornadoes, near-record flooding, drought and wildfires. Damages from these disasters have already passed $ 32 billion, and the hurricane season, which is just beginning, is projected to be above average, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Government scientists said Wednesday that the frequency of extreme weather has increased over the past two decades, in part as a result of global warming caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But they were careful not to blame humans for this year’s rash of deadly events, saying that in some ways weather patterns were returning to those seen at the beginning of the last century. "Looking at long-term patterns since 1980, indeed, extreme climatological and meteorological events have increased," said Thomas R. Karl, director of NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center. "But in the early part of the 20th century, there was also a tendency for more extreme events followed by a quiet couple of decades. "

Presenting a new NOAA report on 2011 extreme weather, Dr. Karl said that extremes of precipitation have increased as the planet warms and more water evaporates from the oceans. He also said models suggest that as carbon dioxide builds up in the atmosphere and heats the planet, droughts will increase in frequency and intensity. "But it is difficult and unlikely to discern a human fingerprint, if there is one, on the drought record of the United States," he said.

Some other climate scientists were more categorical about the human contribution to extreme climate events. Kevin Trenberth, distinguished senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, said that when the greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels is added to the natural variability of climate, weather disasters can be expected to occur more frequently. "Global warming is contributing to an increased incidence of extreme weather because the environment in which all storms form has changed from human activities," Dr. Trenberth said in a telephone interview Wednesday. "Records are not just broken, they are smashed. It is as clear a warning as we are going to get about prospects for the future. "

April was a particularly devastating month for tornadoes and rainfall, with 875 tornadoes reported during the month and heavy rain and snowmelt contributing to Mississippi River flooding later in the spring that surpassed the historic floods of 1927 and 1937. So far this year, there have been nearly 1,400 preliminary tornado reports nationwide; those reports will most likely be whittled down to about 900 confirmed tornadoes, the second-highest annual total recorded in modern times. The record is 1,011 confirmed tornadoes in 2008. The year also is on track to be one of the deadliest, with 536 fatalities so far from tornadoes, placing 2011 in sixth place in United States history and the deadliest since 1936.

While scientists see more deadly weather, they()

A. have dispute over the causes

B. don’t think the situation is deteriorating

C. admit that it is not the worst in history

D. assess the damages as being below average