问题 计算题

用手将一个质量为500g边长为10cm的正方体物块浸没于水中,使物块上表面离水面20cm.

求:(1)正方体物块下表面受到的压强

(2)正方体物块上下表面受到的压力差

(3)放手后,正方体物块最终静止时受到的浮力(g取10N/kg)

答案

(1)3×103Pa (2)10N (3)5N

(1)物块下表面距离水面的深度h=10cm+20cm=30cm=0.3m

物块下表面受到的压强P=ρgh=1.0×103kg/m3×10 N/kg×0.3m=3×103Pa

(2)根据浮力产生的原因可知,物块上下表面受到的压力差 F向上-F向下=F

物块的体积V=103cm3=10-3m

F=ρgV=ρgV=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×10-3m3=10N

(3)物块的质量m=500g=0.5kg

物块的重力G=mg=0.5kg×10N/kg =5N.

因为F> G,所以放手后物块会上浮,最终漂浮在水面

根据二力平衡的条件,F= G=5N

题目分析:物块下表面受到的压强用p=ρgh计算。正方体物块上下表面受到的压力差即浮力,可用FVg计算,放手后,正方体物块最终静止时受到的浮力用浮沉条件计算。

阅读理解

Dear Laura,

Thanks for your message. Yes, I’m having  a great time on my exchange program in France. It’s even  better  than I thought it would be. I was a bit nervous before I   arrived  here, but there was no reason to be. My host family is really nice. They go out of their way to  make  me feel at home. And you  wouldn’t  believe how quickly my French has improved! I’m very comfortable  speaking  French now. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. My  biggest  challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. As you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home.  For example, you’re not supposed to  put  your bread on your plate. You’re supposed to put it on the table! I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. You’re not supposed to eat  anything  with your hands except bread, not even fruit! (You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork). Another thing is that it is very rude to  say  you’re full. If you don’t want any  more  food, you should just say, “It was delicious.” Also, it’s rude to put your hands  in  your lap. You should always keep your hands ,but not your elbows, on the table. I have to say, I find it difficult to  remember  everything, but I’m gradually  getting  used to things and don’t find them so strange any more. I’ll write soon and  tell you more about life in France. Hope you’re having a good school year.

Wang Kun

小题1:How was Wang Kun before  she arrived in France?

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小题2:Why did she have no reason to be nervous?

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小题3:How has her French improved?

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小题4:What  is  one particular challenge she is facing?

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小题5:What does she find surprising?

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单项选择题 A1/A2型题