问题 实验题

(10分)一个有一定厚度的圆盘,可以绕通过中心垂直于盘面的水平轴转动,圆盘加速转动时,角速度的增加量Δω与对应之间Δt的比值定义为角加速度β(即)。我们用电磁打点计时器、米尺、游标卡尺、纸带、复写纸来完成下述实验:(打点计时器所接交流电的频率为50Hz,A、B、C、D……为计数点,相邻两计数点间有四个点未画出)

①如图甲所示,将打点计时器固定在桌面上,将纸带的一端穿过打点计时器的限位孔,然后固定在圆盘的侧面,当圆盘转动时,纸带可以卷在圆盘侧面上;

②接通电源,打点计时器开始打点,启动控制装置使圆盘匀加速转动;

③经过一段时间,停止转动和打点,取下纸带,进行测量。

(1)用20分度的游标卡尺测得圆盘的半径如图乙所示,圆盘的半径r为     cm;

(2)由图丙可知,打下计数点D时,圆盘转动的角速度为        rad/s;

(3)纸带运动的加速度大小为      m/s2,圆盘转动的角加速度大小为     rad/s2

(4)如果实验测出的角加速度值偏大,其原因可能是                 (至少写出1条)。

答案

(1)6.000cm;(2)6.5rad/s;(3)0.59m/s2,9.8rad/s2;(4)存在空气阻力;纸带与限位孔之间存在摩擦力等。

分析:(1)20分度的游标卡尺精确度为0.05mm,读数时先读大于1mm的整数部分,再读不足1m的小数部分;

(2)根据平均速度等于中间时刻瞬时速度求出D点的瞬时速度,然后根据v=ωr求解角速度;

(3)用逐差法求解出加速度,再根据加速度等于角加速度与半径的乘积来计算角加速度;

(4)根据公式ρ=ar进行判断.

解:(1)整数部分为60mm,小数部分为零,由于精确度为0.05mm,故需写到0.001cm处,故读数为6.000cm;

故答案为:6.000;

(2)打下计数点D时,速度为

vD===0.389m/s

ω==≈6.5rad/s

故答案为:6.5;

(3)纸带运动的加速度为

a====0.59m/s2

由于ρ=,ω=,故角加速度为ρ==≈0.98rad/s2

故答案为:0.59,0.98;

(4)根据公式ρ=,ρ偏大,为a偏大,或者r偏小,故可能的原因为:测量转动半径时没有考虑纸带的厚度.

阅读理解

Mr White works in an office. He’s very busy and has no time to have a good rest. Every evening, when he comes back from his office, he’s always tired and wants to go to bed early. But his wife often has a lot of interesting things to tell him after dinner. She doesn’t stop talking until she falls asleep (入睡). But it’s usually too late and Mr White has to get up early in the morning when she is still sleeping.

One day Mr White felt terrible and couldn’t go to work. He decided to go to see a doctor. Mrs White went to the hospital with him. Before her husband said what was the matter with him, the woman told the doctor all. The doctor wrote out a prescription (处方). When Mrs White took the medicine to the doctor’s room, the doctor said to her, “The bottle of medicine is for your husband and the pills (药片) are for you. ”

“For me?” the woman said in surprise. “I’m fine. I don’t need any medicine!”

“I don’t think so, madam,” said the doctor. “They are sleeping pills. Your husband will be all right soon if you take them. ”

小题1:Mr White ______.

A.has time to have a good sleep

B.is busy but he can have a good sleep

C.isn’t tired and doesn’t like to go to bed early

D.doesn’t have a good rest小题2:Mr White’s wife ______ every evening.

A.works late

B.writes things

C.keeps talking late

D.watches TV late小题3:Mr White has to get up when his wife is sleeping in the morning because ______.

A.he can’t fall asleep

B.he has to go to work

C.he doesn’t want to sleep

D.his wife asks him to get up小题4:One day Mr White couldn’t go to work because ______.

A.he was ill

B.his wife was ill

C.his wife didn’t let him go

D.he didn’t want to go to work小题5:The sentence “Your husband will be all right soon if you take them. ” means Mr White will soon be all right if ______.

A.Mr White takes the pills

B.Mr White takes the bottle of medicine

C.Mrs White takes the pills

D.Mrs White stops talking too much at night

单项选择题