问题 填空题

在验证机械能守恒定律实验时:

小题1:关于本实验的叙述中,正确的有(     )

A.打点计时器安装时要使两限孔位于同一竖直线上并安装稳定,以减少纸带下落过程中的阻力

B.需用天平测出重锤的质量

C.打点计时器用四节干电池串联而成的电池组作为电源

D.用手托着重锤,先闭合打点计时器的电源开关,然后释放重锤E、打出的纸带中,只要点迹清晰,就可以运用公式,来验证机械   能是否守恒

F、验证机械能是否守恒必须先确定重力势能的参考平面

小题2:验证机械能是否守恒时,实验中计算某一点的速度,甲同学用v = gt来计算,乙同学用来计算。其中_______同学的计算方法更符合实验要求。重力加速度g的数值,甲同学用9.8m/s2代入,乙同学用通过对纸带分析计算出重锤下落的实际加速度代入,丙同学用当地的实际重力加速度代入,其中_____同学的做法是正确的。

小题3:甲同学实验计算结果时发现重物重力势能的减少量ΔEp略大于动能的增加量ΔEk,,乙同学发现ΔEp<ΔEk,实验过程中肯定存在错误的是______同学。

本实验中引起误差的主要原因是______________________________________。

答案

小题1:AD

小题2:乙 、丙

小题3:乙 、重锤下落过程中存在着阻力作用

:(1)由图线和坐标轴交点的横坐标表示弹簧的原长可知弹簧的原长为10cm,

(2)①A、打点计时器安装时要使两限孔位于同一竖直线上并安装稳定,以减少纸带下落过程中的阻力,故A正确.

B、因为我们是比较mgh、mv2的大小关系,故m可约去比较,不需要用天平.故B错误.

C、打点计时器应该使用交流电源,故C错误.

D、用手托着重锤,先闭合打点计时器的电源开关,然后释放重锤,故D正确.

E、打出的纸带中,点迹清晰,运用公式mg△h=mv2,必须是准确找出起始点,故E错误.

F、验证机械能是否守恒不需要确定重力势能的参考平面,故F错误.

故选AD.

②在验证机械能守恒的实验中,由于存在阻力物体实际下落的加速度小于重力加速度,所以不应当用重力加速度g来表示某位置的速度,根据匀变速直线运动中时间中点的速度等于该过程中的平均速度,可以求出打纸带上点时小车的瞬时速度大小,所以乙同学的计算方法更符合实验要求,

关于重力加速度g的数值,应该用当地的实际重力加速度代入,所以丙同学的做法是正确的.

③由于纸带通过时受到较大的阻力和重锤受到的空气阻力,重力势能有相当一部分转化给摩擦产生的内能,所以重力势能的减小量明显大于动能的增加量.

所以实验过程中肯定存在错误的是乙同学,本实验中引起误差的主要原因是重锤下落过程中存在着阻力作用.

④根据运动学公式得:△x=at2,a==9.38m/s2

点评:(1)该题要求要会从图象中正确的找出弹簧的原长及在各外力作用下弹簧的长,并会求出弹簧的形变量,在应用胡克定律时,要首先转化单位,要知道图线与坐标轴的交点的横坐标是弹簧的原长.

(2)纸带问题的处理时力学实验中常见的问题,若纸带匀变速直线运动,测得纸带上的点间距利用匀变速直线运动的推论,可计算出打出某点时纸带运动的加速度.要注意单位的换算和有效数字的保留.

多项选择题
完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从 31~50 各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
The other day, I happened to meet someone I hadn’t seen for many years. I couldn’t believe the change in him. As a matter of fact, he didn’t even seem like the    person.
When I first knew Bill, back in     , he was one of the most carefree(无忧无虑的) people I had ever      . He was always ready to have a     . He usually went out for beer at three o’clock in the morning or drove 50 miles to see an old      he really liked. Bill and I were in the same class in college, and      was never dull when he was     . With him there was one wild      after another. Sometimes I wonder how we      to study for our exams.
Last week I was in Houston on business, and I ran into Bill in the bar at the hotel.     , I wasn’t even      it was he. Was this short-haired businessman really the same person? I wasn’t really sure until I came near him, but it indeed was Bill. Now he works for a bank. He      most of the evening about his job, his new car and his house. How he had changed! Back when we were in college, the     thing Bill cared about was possessions. Now they seemed to be his main     . Although I have changed quite a bit myself, somehow, I never      Bill changing so much. My image of him      the one I had formed      the time when we were college students together.
I suppose it’s      to expect people to remain the same, especially      I have changed so much myself. But I must say that I enjoyed the old Bill much more than the new Bill. Maybe he       the same way about me.
小题1:
A.proper B.same C.regularD.common
小题2:
A.childhood B.primary schoolC.high schoolD.college
小题3:
A.consideredB.supposedC.metD.expected
小题4:
A.partyB.quarrelC.meeting D.class
小题5:
A.manB.hospital C.filmD.hotel
小题6:
A.studyB.life C.work D.fun
小题7:
A.in B.down C.away D.around
小题8:
A.dreamB.mistake C.chance D.joke
小题9:
A.decided B.continuedC.managed D.hoped
小题10:
A.As usual B.By accidentC.From then onD.All the time
小题11:
A.glad B.surprisedC.excitedD.sure
小题12:
A.thought B.talked C.argued D.spent
小题13:
A.best B.last C.next D.only
小题14:
A.interest B.career C.subject D.problem
小题15:
A.forgot B.mindedC.liked D.imagined
小题16:
A.remained B.remindedC.suggested D.became
小题17:
A.since B.from C.atD.till
小题18:
A.unnecessary B.foolishC.common D.unusual
小题19:
A.becauseB.thatC.howD.when
小题20:
A.felt B.acted C.looked D.Discovered