问题 实验题

(15分)有甲、乙两个探究性学习小组,他们拟用小颗粒状铝硅合金与足量稀硫酸的反应测定通常状况(约20℃,1atm)下气体摩尔体积的方法。

(1)甲组同学拟选用图27题-l的实验装置完成实验:

①铝硅合金与足量稀硫酸的反应的离子方程式__________________________________。

②该组同学必须选用的装置的连接顺序是A接(  )(  )接(  )(  )接(  )(填接口字母,可不填满。)

③实验开始时,先打开分液漏斗上口的玻璃塞,再轻轻打开其活塞,过一会儿后稀硫酸就不能顺利滴入锥形瓶。请你帮助分析原因_________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________。

④实验结束时,测量实验中生成氢气的体积时应注意:a.待实验装置

冷却到(约20℃,1atm)后,上下移动量筒,使其中液面与广口瓶中

液面相平,b.______________________________________。

(2)乙组同学仔细分析甲组同学的实验装置后,认为:稀硫酸滴入锥形瓶中,即使不生成氢气,也会将瓶内空气排出,使所测氢气体积偏大;实验结束时,连接广口瓶和量筒的导管中有少量水存在,使所测氢气体积偏小。于是他们设计了图27题-2所示的实验装置。

装置中导管a的作用是

____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________。

②实验中准确测得4个数据:实验前铝硅合金的质量m1g,实验后残留固体的质量m2g,实验前后碱式滴定管中液面读数分别为V1mL、V2mL。则通常状况时气体摩尔体积Vm=_______L·moL-1。

答案

单项选择题

There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modem descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferentical statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.

Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum or the data may represent qualitative variable, such as sex, college major, or personality type.

Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.

Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.

Which of the following are counting and describing associated with()

A. Descriptive statistics

B. Unknown variables

C. Qualitative changes

D. Inferential statistics

单项选择题