问题 综合

阅读材料,回答问题。(17分)

印度河径流12~2月流量最低,3~6月水位上升快,7~9月流量最大,此后水位急剧下降,10月初水位开始平缓减退。

(1)分析印度河径流量呈上述变化的原因。(8分)

观测发现,印度河平原地下水位上升,土壤肥力有所下降。为保证农业生产,巴基斯坦和印度分别在印度河平原和恒河平原实施了规模宏大的以打井、挖渠为主的水利工程(下图)。

(2)比较印度河平原、恒河平原水利工程作用的异同。(6分)

中巴两国计划建一条从巴基斯坦瓜达尔港到中国新疆喀什的中巴铁路(如下图所示),指出中巴铁路对我国经济发展的积极意义。(3分)

答案

(1)冬季(12—2月)盛行东北季风,温度低,降水少,上游山区封冻,流量最低(2分);春季和初夏(3—6月)气温升高,上游地区的高山冰雪融化补给河流,流量增大,形成春汛(2分);雨季(7—9月)受西南季风影响,降水多,形成夏汛(2分); 10月以后降水减少,水位下降(2分)。

(2)相同点:灌溉(2分)

不同点:巴基斯坦水利工程主要排除盐碱水,降低地下水位(2分);印度水利工程主要是排涝(2分)。

(3)加强与巴基斯坦的经济联系,便于扩大贸易往来(1分);大大缩短石油等能源运输时间和距离,丰富能源来源渠道,减轻我国能源压力(1分);扩大我国西部地区开放程度,促进经济发展(1分)。

试题解析:

(1)考查河流的水文特征;根据南亚季风气候的特征,受西南季风影响,降水量集中在6-9月份,河流的流量大;10-次年5月,受东北季风影响,降水量少,河流的流量少,同时,印度河发源于喜马拉雅山脉,源头河水补给为高山冰川融水,在春季时,气温升高,融雪量大,形成春汛;且夏季高温,使得河流的流量进一步加大。

(2)考查学生提取信息能力。根据题意:保证农业生产——水利工程是为了农业的灌溉;印度河平原地下水位上升,土壤肥力有所下降—由于不合理的灌溉方式,且热带沙漠气候,蒸发量大,使得土壤盐碱化。目的为降低地下水水位,提高土壤肥力;而恒河下游地势低平,且受西南季风影响,降水量大,易形成洪灾,为减轻对农业的危害,修建大量的水利工程。

(3)考查交通线布局对沿线的影响。主要从两国的贸易和对中国的积极影响。铁路修建加强两国的贸易往来,促进西部地区的发展;少走弯路,节约时间,提高经济效益;此地近波斯湾,满足我国能源进口。

阅读理解

Last week, 169 students at No.35 Middle School of Shenyang took their first no-teacher exam. After the teacher handed out the exam paper, he left the room and never came back. A student collected in the papers when the exam ended.

“That test was not only a test of knowledge, but also a test of moral (道德). We wanted to show students how important honesty is, ” said Mr. Cai, the school’s headmaster. The school says no cheating happened in the test. Next year, it wants 80% of its exams to be without teachers. But students have different ideas.

“I was happy and excited during the exam because my teachers trusted me,” said Lang Yudan, a 13-year-old girl in Class 11.

“Schools must trust students a lot not to use invigilators(监考人). But I think it is too early. Some students will cheat if there are no invigilators. And the students will not be able to ask for help when needed,” said Hua Sha.

“I don’t like having invigilators in exams. When they walk around the classroom, they make me nervous. I would get higher marks without them in the room because I would feel more relaxed,” Liu Qingxi said.

“I think it’s very important to have invigilators in exams. Many students want to check their answers with each other after they have finished papers. And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens. They may make me nervous, but I still think we need them,” Shangguan Yan said.

Not using invigilators may be a good idea. But before using it, schools must tell students the importance of honesty and try to find ways to solve something unusual in exams.

小题1:The passage mainly talks about ________.

A.how to pass an exam

B.how to make students honest

C.whether invigilators are needed in exams

D.how to make students clever小题2:No.35 Middle School of Shenyang held a no-teacher exam to _________.

A.let the students have a good rest

B.teach the students in a better way

C.help all the students pass the exam

D.find whether the students were honest小题3:From what the students have studied, we know _________.

A.invigilators really help them a lot

B.not all of them agree with the headmaster

C.something unusual never happens in exams

D.they like it very much小题4:What does Hua Sha think about no-teacher exams ?

A.It’s a good idea to have no-teacher exams but something must be done first.

B.If there are no invigilators, the students will certainly get lower marks.

C.Exams without invigilators will never be held since students are not honest.

D.Some parents don’t think it’s fair for everyone to have no-teacher exams.小题5:In the sentence “And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens” , “they” refers to __________.

A.students

B.headmasters

C.teachers

D.invigilators

单项选择题