问题 解答题

下图是我国1950--1990年期间出生率、死亡率和自然增长率的变化曲线,请分析回答:

(1)1950--1990年期间,我国人口自然增产率最低出现在______年前后;出现当时这种情况的原因是______.

(2)70年代以后,我国人口出生率迅速下降,主要原因是我国大力实施了______.

(3)目前,我国已成为一个低生育水平的国家,但我国人口总数却居高不下,每年净增长数在800万以上,试分析其中的原因:______.

答案

(1)1960年,全国大面积受灾,其中以河北、山东、山西最为严重,占耕地面积的60%以上,三年自然灾害开始,因此在此时期我国人口的自然增长率最低.

(2)为控制人口过快增长和提高人口素质,70年代以后,我国实行了计划生育政策,提倡晚婚、晚育、少生、优生,有效的控制了人口过快增长的趋势,使我国人口出生率迅速下降.

(3)由于我国人口基数过于庞大,再加上随着生活水平和医疗水平的提高,人口死亡率大大降低,因此虽然我国已成为一个低生育水平的国家,但我国人口总数却居高不下.

故答案为:(1)1960;自然灾害

(2)计划生育

(3)我国人口基数过于庞大,人口死亡率大大降低

单项选择题

完形填空:下面的短文有l5处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。

Obesity(肥胖) Causes Global Warming.

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This ______(51)comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study ______(52) how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. ______(53)

There has been ______(54) for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food ______(55)to people’s cars. "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end ______(56) costing taxpayers more."

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such ______(57) are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person ______(58) obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. " The funny thing was that everyone took it ______(59)." Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were ______(60) drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked ______(61) they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.Three researchers recently repeated the study ______(62) college students. Once again, ______(63) no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. " Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting______ (64) is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight Genes also______ (65) a part.

53.(单项选择题)          

A.turns

B.means

C.says

D.costs

填空题