问题 实验题

关于“验证动量守恒定律”的实验,请完成下列的三个问题:

(1)(3分)如图7所示,在做“验证动量守恒定律”的实验时,实验必须要求满足的条件是:

A.斜槽轨道必须是光滑的

B.斜槽轨道末端的切线是水平的

C.入射球每次都要从同一高度由静止滚下                           

D.若入射小球质量为,被碰小球质量为,则>    

 

(2).(2分)利用“碰撞实验器”可以验证动量守恒定律,即研究两个小球在轨道水平部分碰撞前后的动量关系.图中O点是小球抛出点在地面上的垂直投影.实验时,先让入射球m1多次从斜轨上的S位置静止释放,找到其平均落地点的位置P,测量出平抛的射程OP. 然后,把被碰小球m2静置于轨道的水平部分,再将入射小球m1从斜轨上的S位置由静止释放,与小球m2相碰,并且多次重复.

接下来要完成的必要步骤是                    .(填选项前的符号)

A.用天平测量两个小球的质量m1、m2

B.测量小球m1开始释放高度h ;

C.测量抛出点距地面的高度H ;

D.分别找到m1、m2相碰后平均落地点的位置M、N ;

E.测量平抛射程OM,ON .

(3). (4分)若两个小球相碰前后的动量守恒,其表达式可以表示为             。[利用(2)中所测量的物理量表示];若碰撞是弹性的碰撞,那么还应该满足的表达式应该为                  。[利用(2)中所测量的物理量表示].

答案

(1)BCD   

(2)ADE或DEA或DAE 

(3)m1·OM+m2·ON=m1·OP m1·OM2+m2·ON2=m1·OP2

碰撞瞬间动量守恒,之后两个小球均做平抛运动,不需要斜槽末端光滑,由系统前后动量守恒,需要测量出两球质量和速度,速度的测量是根据平抛运动的时间相等,水平方向匀速运动,利用水平位移替换速度的,

填空题


A Sports体育运动
Many animals engage in play,but homo sapiens is the only animal (1) have invented sports.Since sports are an invention,a part of culture (2) than an aspect of nature,all definitions of sports are somewhat arbitrary. (3) sports are a human universal found in every known culture or a (4) unique to modern society depends upon one’s definition of sports.Men and (5) have always run,jumped,climbed,lifted,thrown, and wrestled,but they have (6) always performed these physical activities competitively. Although all literate societies seem to (7) contests of one sort or another in which men, and sometimes women, (8) in displays and tests of physical skill and prowess,sports may be (9) defined as physical contests performed for their own sake and not for (10) ulterior end.According to this strict definition,neither Neolithic hunters nor contestants (11) religious ceremonies such as the ancient Olympic Games were engaged in sports. (12) on the stipulation that sports must be performed for their own sake (13) the paradoxical elimination of many activities which are usually thought of as (14) ,such as exercises done for the sake of cardiovascular fitness,races run (15) satisfy a physical education requirement,ball games played to earn a paycheck. (16) definition also means abandonment of the traditional usage in which"sport,"derived (17) Middle English disporter,refers to any light hearted recreational activity.In the. (18) of some 18th- century aristocrats,a game of backgammon and the seduction of (19) milkmaid were both considered good sport,but this usage of the term (20) become archaic.

单项选择题